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1. Governance 1.1. What is Governance?1.2. Stakeholders of Governance 1.3. Good Governance Understanding the key terms:1.5. The Worldwide Governance Indicators project – World Bank 2. Governance in India 2.1. Dimensions of Governance in India 1. Political Dimension 2. Legal & Judicial Dimension of Governance 3. Administrative Dimension of Governance 4. Economic Dimension of Governance 5. Social and Environmental Dimension of Governance 2.2. Governance Issues in India ♤ Political Issues:♤ Legal and Judicial issues ♤ Administrative issues ♤ Economic issues ♤ Social and Environmental issues 2.3. Good Governance Initiatives in India 2.4. Minimum Government, Maximum Governance 3. Citizen Charter 3.1. What is Citizen Charter?3.2. Origin and the concept of Citizen Charter 3.3. Significance of Citizen Charter 3.4. Citizen Charter in India 3.5. Issues with Citizen Charters in India:3.6. Recommendations of 2nd ARC report 4. Sevottam Model 4.1. What is Sevottam Model?4.2. Significance of the Model 4.3. Time Bound Delivery of Services Highlights of “the Right of Citizens for Time-bound Delivery of Goods and Services and 5. Social Audit 5.1. What is Social Audit?Social audit is a process in which details of resources used by public agency for development initiatives are shared with people often through public platforms, which allows end users to scrutinize the impact of developmental programs.5.2. Need of Social Audit 5.3. Principles of Social Audit 5.4. Significance of Social Audit The significance of social audit for social sector programmes can be understood from the following points:5.5. Limitations of Social Audit ♤ The scope of social audits is highly localised and covers only certain selected aspects.♤ Promoting proactive disclosure of information to facilitate social audits.6.3. Models of e-governance E-Governance services can be shared between citizens, businessman, government and employees. These four models of e-governance are:- Government to citizen (G2C), Government to government (G2G), Government to businessmen (G2B) and Government to employees (G2E).6.3.3. Government to Businessmen (G2B)6.3.4. Government to Employees (G2E)6.4. E-Governance Initiatives in India 6.4.1. Government to Citizen (G2C) Initiatives:6.4.2. Government to Business (G2B) Initiatives 6.4.3. Government to Government (G2G) Initiatives 6.5. Challenges 6.5.1. Environmental and Social Challenges 6.5.2. Economic Challenges 6.5.3. Technical challenges 6.6. Recommendations of 2nd ARC on e-governance 6.7. Ease of Governance 7. GS Mains Test Series Questions 1. “The citizens, who are at the receiving end, are the best judge of the quality and quantity of services administered for their benefit. But they have hardly any means to hold the administration accountable.” Examine.Answer:2. Discuss what constitutes good governance in the context of India. Also mention some aspects of social justice and discuss how good governance can act as a facilitator towards securing justice.Answer:3. Digital India programme has the potential to not only transform the citizen service delivery, but also provide the much needed impetus for key social and industrial sectors. Examine.Answer:Transformation of Key Industrial Sectors:4. Why is redressal of public grievances important for a democracy? Critically evaluate the functioning of various instruments for redressal of public grievances in India.Answer:Measures being taken to redress grievance:Way Forward 5. Despite increasing awareness of beneficiaries, social audits have not played a significant role in reducing malpractices and detecting irregularities. Discuss. How can social audits be made more effective?Answer:Benefits of Social Audit Suggestions 6. The reasons for failure of e-Governance projects are anything but technological. Discuss in the context of India.Answer:7. Though digital tools can help achieve transparency, efficiency and accountability in governance, meeting these objectives requires much more than just building a large digital infrastructure and mere connectivity. Discuss.Answer:Improving work culture in government offices Empowering citizens 8. According to the World Bank, while digital technologies have spread rapidly in much of the world, resulting digital dividends have lagged behind. Analyse in the context of India.Answer:Digital dividends What can be done reap digital dividends?8. Previous Year UPSC Questions ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN A DEMOCRACY 1. Civil Services in India 1.1. Evolution of Civil Services in India 1.2. Current Status 1.3. Provisions with Respect to Civil Services in the Constitution 2. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy 2.1. Substantive Role of Civil Servants 2.2. Bureaucracy and Democracy 2.3. Cadre based Civil Service 3. Issues with Civil Services in India 3.1. Weberian Model of Bureaucracy and Related Issues 3.2. Issues with All India Services 4. Reforms Required in Civil Services 4.1. Bringing Accountability in Public Services 4.2. Emphasize Performance 4.3. Competition and Specialist Knowledge for Senior Level Appointments 4.4. Effective Disciplinary Regime 4.5. Transforming Work Culture 4.6. Streamline Rules and Procedures 4.7. Privatization and Contracting Out 4.8. Adoption of IT and E-Governance 4.9. Stability of Tenure 4.10. Depoliticization of Civil Services 4.11. Lateral entry into Civil Services 4.12. Other Important Recommendations of 2nd ARC 5. GS Mains Test Series Questions 1. Discuss the importance of mid-career performance appraisal for civil servants. Also evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of compulsorily retiring serving bureaucrats after such a review.This has led to problems surrounding current bureaucracy:Problems with present system of appraisal and need for new appraisal system:What is Mid Career Performance appraisal?Importance of Mid Career Performance appraisal Positives of Compulsory retirements:Negative effects:2. How does the short tenure of civil servants in India leads to their less effective management? Critically discuss the move of setting up a civil services board in order to address this issue.3. The public policy requirements of the 21st century demand a bureaucracy less generalist in nature. Analyse in the context of Indian civil services.Adopting Specialist Approach:Adopting Generalists Approach:4. Bureaucracy has a love-hate relationship with democracy. As a servant it is invaluable but as a master it can ruin us. Discuss in light of relationship between democracy and bureaucracy in India since independence. Also, examine the ways in which the democratic credentials of the bureaucracy can be strengthened.5. A healthy working relationship between Ministers and civil servants is critical for good governance in a democracy, yet civil service must remain free from political considerations. Comment.Civil service neutrality 6. Previous Year UPSC GS Mains Questions DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND THE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY -1. Development Processes 1.1. What is Development and Development Process?2. Civil Societies 2.1. What are Civil Societies?2.2. Civil Society in India 2.3. Types of Civil societies in India 2.4. National Policy on Voluntary Sector 3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)3.1. What are Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)?3.2. Types of NGOs 3.3. Role of NGOs in Development 3.4. Role of NGOs in Protection of Environment 3.5. Challenges faced by NGOs in India 3.6. State v/s NGOs 3.7. Suggestions to Improve the Working of NGOs 4. Self Help Groups (SHGs)4.1. What are SHGs?4.2. How Does SHGs Function?4.3. Evolution of SHGs in India 4.4. Benefits of SHGs 4.5. General Issues related to SHGs 4.6. Socio-Cultural Hurdles in Penetration of SHGs in Rural Areas 4.7. Measures Taken by the Government to Promote the SHGs 4.8. Suggestions to Improve the Working of SHGs 5. Aid and Private Funding in Development 5.1. Development Aid in India 5.2. Foreign Aid to India 5.3. Foreign Funding and NGOs 5.4. Foreign Aid from India 6. Microfinance Institutions 6.1. What are Microfinance Institutions?6.2. Role of Microfinance Institutions in Development 6.3. Issues Related to Microfinance Institutions 6.4. Suggestions to Improve the Working of Microfinance Institutions 7. Societies, Trusts, Donors, Charities and other Stakeholders 7.1. Societies 7.2. Trusts, Religious Endowments and Waqfs 7.3. Trade Unions 8. Previous Year GS Mains Test Series Questions 1. Self-help group (SHG) bank linkage program portrays it as an effective tool being used in various countries to approach a range of socioeconomic issues. Explore the possible performance and sustainability of this type of program in India?Positive Outcomes of the SHG - Bank Linkage Programme Challenges Faced Suggestions for long term sustainability of SHG-Bank linkage program:-Partnership in Development Establishing an Enabling Environment for the Voluntary Sector Encouraging Self-regulation to ensure transparent and accountable systems of governance and management of VOs.Recent developments Case for regulation:Case against regulation:9. Previous Year UPSC GS Mains Questions GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND INTERVENTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN VARIOUS SECTORS AND ISSUES ARISING OUT OF THEIR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 1. Public Policy 1.1. What is Public Policy?1.2. Nature of Public Policies 1.3. Characteristics of Public Policy Formulation 1.4. Types of Public Policy 2. Public Policy in India 2.1. Public Policy in India after Independence 2.2. Weaknesses in India’s Public Policy Making 2.3. Strengthening Public Policy in India 2.4. Role of Civil Society in Policy Formulation and Implementation 2.5. Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 3. Major Governmental Interventions for Development in Various Sectors (This section covers the sectors of Rural Development, Urban Development, Skill Development and Social security. The other sectors are covered in the value addition material of Social Justice topics)Goals 3.1.2. National Rurban Mission (NRuM)3.1.3. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)3.1.4. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana 3.1.5. Deen Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY)3.1.6. National Rural Livelihoods Mission 3.1.7. Mission Antodaya 3.1.8. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna 3.1.9. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna 3.1.10. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojna 3.1.11. Gram Swaraj Abhiyan 3.2.1. The Smart Cities Mission 3.2.2. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) Project 3.2.4. Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)3.3. Skill Development 3.4. Social Security 3.5. Analysis by Niti Aayog’s Action Agenda 2017-20 4. Democracy and Development 4.1. Procedural Democracy and Substantive Democracy 4.2. Role of Democracy in Development – Appraisal and Criticism 5. Sources 6. Test Series Questions 1. As the demand for welfare state grew, the size of the state expanded dramatically. But now there is a demand for ‘less government, more governance'. Critically examine.Answer:2. Convergence and interlinking of various government schemes can lead to better service delivery and cost effectiveness. Illustrate.Answer:3. The developmental model in India should include rural development schemes that are “demand driven” rather than “programme driven”. Examine with respect to the design of various social sector schemes.Answer:4. Rights-based approach to social policy, which has rippled through India over the past decade and a half, reorients governance from ideas of patronage towards duty of the state and justified claims of citizens. Discuss with examples. Also, explain how the rights-based approach helps in improving public service delivery.Answer:5. MGNREGA has been termed as a stellar example for rural development. In this context, discuss how far the design of MGNREGA program makes it more successful than other rural development programmes.2017-9-854 Answer:Success of MGNREGA