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♤ A surge in public expenditure driven by economic growth has resulted in a growing demand for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and performance management from government, program implementers, international donor organizations, and civil society at large.
♤ In the light of these imperatives, the Indian government has taken initiatives to improve the monitoring and evaluation environment. Few of them include
o Performance Management and Evaluation System created by Cabinet Secretariat
o National Productivity Council under Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion,
Ministry of Commerce and Industry
o Ministry of Finance has instituted outcome budgeting.
o Management Information System (MIS)
o Programme Evaluation Organization (under erstwhile Planning Commission)
o Niti Aayog
♤ In addition to these institutions, civil society and media has also played crucial role in evaluating governmental policies.
♤ In addition to the media and civil society, two more institutions, which are part of India’s constitutional governance system, are playing a key role in demand for accountability. One is the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and the other is the Supreme Court.
♤ The CAG has been in the limelight for its reports exposing big corruption scandals – relating to the 2G spectrum allocation to companies, the Commonwealth Games scams, and the coal-mining allocations to private companies
♤ Similarly, the Supreme Court of India has been accepting many Public Interest Litigation petitions from civil society and monitoring executive actions.