Polity for UPSC - GS IAS

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upsc polity List of Tables PART-I CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 1. Historical Background Amending Act of 1781 Pitt’s India Act of 1784 Act of 1786 Charter Act of 1793 Charter Act of 1813 Charter Act of 1833 Charter Act of 1853 THE CROWN RULE (1858-1947)Indian Councils Act of 1861 Indian Councils Act of 1892 Indian Councils Act of 1909 Government of India Act of 1919 Government of India Act of 1935 Indian Independence Act of 1947 2 Making of the Constitution DEMAND FOR A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY COMPOSITION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY WORKING OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY Objectives Resolution Changes by the Independence Act Other Functions Performed COMMITTEES OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY Major Committees Minor Committees Drafting Committee ENACTMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION EXPERTS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS CRITICISM OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY IMPORTANT FACTS HINDI TEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION 3 Salient Features of the Constitution SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION 1. Lengthiest Written Constitution 2. Drawn From Various Sources 3. Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias 5. Parliamentary Form of Government 6. Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy 7. Integrated and Independent Judiciary 8. Fundamental Rights 9. Directive Principles of State Policy 10. Fundamental Duties 11. A Secular State 12. Universal Adult Franchise 13. Single Citizenship 14. Independent Bodies 15. Emergency Provisions 16. Three-tier Government 17. Co-operative Societies CRITICISM OF THE CONSTITUTION 4 Preamble of the Constitution TEXT OF THE PREAMBLE INGREDIENTS OF THE PREAMBLE KEY WORDS IN THE PREAMBLE 1. Sovereign 2. Socialist 3. Secular 4. Democratic 5. Republic 6. Justice 7. Liberty 8. Equality 9. Fraternity SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION AMENABILITY OF THE PREAMBLE 5 Union and its Territory UNION OF STATES PARLIAMENT’S POWER TO REORGANISE THE STATES EXCHANGE OF TERRITORIES WITH BANGLADESH EVOLUTION OF STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES Dhar Commission and JVP Committee Fazl Ali Commission New States and Union Territories Created After 1956 8 Directive Principles of State Policy FEATURES OF THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES Socialistic Principles Gandhian Principles Liberal-Intellectual Principles NEW DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES SANCTION BEHIND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES CRITICISM OF THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES 1. No Legal Force 2. Illogically Arranged 3. Conservative 4. Constitutional Conflict UTILITY OF DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES CONFLICT BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES DIRECTIVES OUTSIDE PART IV 9 Fundamental Duties SWARAN SINGH COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES FEATURES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES CRITICISM OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES VERMA COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS 10 Amendment of the Constitution PROCEDURE FOR AMENDMENT TYPES OF AMENDMENTS By Simple Majority of Parliament By Special Majority of Parliament By Special Majority of Parliament and Consent of States CRITICISM OF THE AMENDMENT PROCEDURE 11 Basic Structure of the Constitution EMERGENCE OF THE BASIC STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF THE BASIC STRUCTURE PART-II 12. Parliamentary System 1. Nominal and Real Executives 2. Majority Party Rule 3. Collective Responsibility 4. Political Homogeneity 5. Double Membership 6. Leadership of the Prime Minister 7. Dissolution of the Lower House 8. Secrecy FEATURES OF PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT MERITS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM DEMERITS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM REASONS FOR ADOPTING PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM DISTINCTION BETWEEN INDIAN AND BRITISH MODELS 1. Dual Polity 2. Written Constitution 3. Division of Powers 4. Supremacy of the Constitution 5. Rigid Constitution 6. Independent Judiciary 7. Bicameralism 1. Strong Centre 2. States Not Indestructible 3. Single Constitution 4. Flexibility of the Constitution 5. No Equality of State Representation 6. Emergency Provisions 7. Single Citizenship 8. Integrated Judiciary 9. All-India Services 10. Integrated Audit Machinery 11. Parliament’s Authority Over State List 12. Appointment of Governor 13. Integrated Election Machinery 14. Veto Over State Bills 15 Inter-State Relations 16 Emergency Provisions NATIONAL EMERGENCY Parliamentary Approval and Duration Revocation of Proclamation Effects of National Emergency Distinction Between Articles 358 and 359 Declarations Made So Far PRESIDENT’S RULE Parliamentary Approval and Duration Consequences of President’s Rule Use of Article 356 Scope of Judicial Review Cases of Proper and Improper Use FINANCIAL EMERGENCY Parliamentary Approval and Duration Effects of Financial Emergency CRITICISM OF THE EMERGENCY PROVISIONS PART-III CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 17. President Oath or Affirmation by the President Conditions of President’s Office Term of President’s Office Impeachment of President Vacancy in the President’s Office Executive Powers Legislative Powers Financial Powers Judicial Powers Diplomatic Powers Military Powers Emergency Powers Absolute Veto Suspensive Veto Pocket Veto Presidential Veto over State Legislation 18 Vice-President ELECTION QUALIFICATIONS, OATH AND CONDITIONS Oath or Affirmation Conditions of Office TERM AND VACANCY Vacancy in Office POWERS AND FUNCTIONS INDIAN AND AMERICAN VICEPRESIDENTS COMPARED 19 Prime Minister APPOINTMENT OF THE PRIME MINISTER OATH, TERM AND SALARY POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRIME MINISTER In Relation to Council of Ministers In Relation to the President In Relation to Parliament Other Powers & Functions ROLE DESCRIPTIONS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRESIDENT CHIEF MINISTERS WHO BECAME PRIME MINISTERS 20 Central Council of Ministers CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Article 75-Other Provisions as to Ministers Article 77-Conduct of Business of the Government of India Article 78-Duties of Prime Minister Article 88-Rights of Ministers as Respects the Houses NATURE OF ADVICE BY MINISTERS APPOINTMENT OF MINISTERS OATH AND SALARY OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBILITY OF MINISTERS Individual Responsibility No Legal Responsibility COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS COUNCIL OF MINISTERS VS CABINET ROLE OF CABINET ROLE DESCRIPTIONS KITCHEN CABINET 21 Cabinet Committees FEATURES OF CABINET COMMITTEES LIST OF CABINET COMMITTEES FUNCTIONS OF CABINET COMMITTEES GROUPS OF MINISTERS 22 Parliament ORGANISATION OF PARLIAMENT COMPOSITION OF THE TWO HOUSES Composition of Lok Sabha SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS TO LOK SABHA Territorial Constituencies Readjustment after each Census Reservation of Seats for SCs and STs First-Past-The-Post System DURATION OF TWO HOUSES Duration of Lok Sabha MEMBERSHIP OF PARLIAMENT Disqualifications Vacating of Seats Oath or Affirmation Salaries and Allowances PRESIDING OFFICERS OF PARLIAMENT Speaker of Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha Chairman of Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha Secretariat of Parliament LEADERS IN PARLIAMENT Leader of the Opposition Whip SESSIONS OF PARLIAMENT Adjournment Prorogation Dissolution Quorum Voting in House Language in Parliament Rights of Ministers and Attorney General Lame-duck Session DEVICES OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS Zero Hour Motions Point of Order Half-an-Hour Discussion Short Duration Discussion Special Mention Resolutions Youth Parliament LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE IN PARLIAMENT Ordinary Bills Money Bills Financial Bills JOINT SITTING OF TWO HOUSES BUDGET IN PARLIAMENT Constitutional Provisions Charged Expenditure Stages in Enactment Other Grants Funds MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE OF PARLIAMENT 1. Legislative Powers and Functions 2. Executive Powers and Functions 3. Financial Powers and Functions 4. Constituent Powers and Functions 5. Judicial Powers and Functions 6. Electoral Powers and Functions 7. Other Powers and Functions INEFFECTIVENESS OF PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL POSITION OF RAJYA SABHA Equal Status with Lok Sabha Unequal Status with Lok Sabha Special Powers of Rajya Sabha PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES Classification Breach of Privilege and Contempt of the House Sources of Privileges SOVEREIGNTY OF PARLIAMENT 1. Written Nature of the Constitution 2. Federal System of Government 3. System of Judicial Review 4. Fundamental Rights 23 Parliamentary Committees MEANING CLASSIFICATION Standing Committees Ad Hoc Committees FINANCIAL COMMITTEES DEPARTMENTAL STANDING COMMITTEES COMMITTEES TO INQUIRE COMMITTEES TO SCRUTINISE AND CONTROL COMMITTEES RELATING TO THE DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE HOUSE-KEEPING COMMITTEES CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEES 24 Parliamentary Forums ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FORUMS OBJECTIVES OF THE FORUMS COMPOSITION OF THE FORUMS FUNCTIONS OF THE FORUMS Parliamentary Forum on Youth Parliamentary Forum on Children Parliamentary Forum on Population and Public Health Parliamentary Forum on Global Warming and Climate Change Parliamentary Forum on Disaster Management Parliamentary Forum on Artisans and Craftspeople Parliamentary Forum on Millennium Development Goals 25 Parliamentary Group RATIONALE OF THE GROUP COMPOSITION OF THE GROUP OBJECTIVES OF THE GROUP FUNCTIONS OF THE GROUP THE GROUP AND IPU7 THE GROUP AND CPA8 26 Supreme Court COMPOSITION AND APPOINTMENT QUALIFICATIONS, OATH AND SALARIES TENURE AND REMOVAL ACTING, ADHOC AND RETIRED JUDGES SEAT AND PROCEDURE INDEPENDENCE OF SUPREME COURT JURISDICTION AND POWERS OF SUPREME COURT 1. Original Jurisdiction 2. Writ Jurisdiction 3. Appellate Jurisdiction 4. Advisory Jurisdiction 5. A Court of Record 6. Power of Judicial Review 7. Constitutional Interpretation 8. Other Powers SUPREME COURT ADVOCATES 27 Judicial Review MEANING OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IMPORTANCE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW SCOPE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE NINTH SCHEDULE 28 Judicial Activism MEANING OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM JUDICIAL REVIEW AND JUDICIAL ACTIVISM JUSTIFICATION OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM ACTIVATORS OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM APPREHENSIONS OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM JUDICIAL ACTIVISM VS. JUDICIAL RESTRAINT Assumptions of Judicial Restraint Supreme Court Observations 29 Public Interest Litigation MEANING OF PIL FEATURES OF PIL SCOPE OF PIL PRINCIPLES OF PIL GUIDELINES FOR ADMITTING PIL PART-IV STATE GOVERNMENT 30. Governor Executive Powers Legislative Powers Financial Powers Judicial Powers In Relation to Council of Ministers In Relation to the Governor In Relation to State Legislature Other Powers and Functions 32 State Council of Ministers CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Article 164-Other Provisions as to Ministers Article 166-Conduct of Business of the Government of a State Article 167-Duties of Chief Minister Article 177-Rights of Ministers as Respects the Houses NATURE OF ADVICE BY MINISTERS APPOINTMENT OF MINISTERS OATH AND SALARY OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBILITY OF MINISTERS Individual Responsibility No Legal Responsibility COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS CABINET Cabinet Committees 34 High Court COMPOSITION AND APPOINTMENT QUALIFICATIONS, OATH AND SALARIES TENURE, REMOVAL AND TRANSFER ACTING, ADDITIONAL AND RETIRED JUDGES INDEPENDENCE OF HIGH COURT JURISDICTION AND POWERS OF HIGH COURT 1. Original Jurisdiction 2. Writ Jurisdiction 3. Appellate Jurisdiction 4. Supervisory Jurisdiction 5. Control over Subordinate Courts 6. A Court of Record 7. Power of Judicial Review 35 Tribunals ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)State Administrative Tribunals TRIBUNALS FOR OTHER MATTERS 37 Special Provisions for Some States PART-V LOCAL GOVERNMENT 38. Panchayati Raj Study Teams and Committees Ashok Mehta Committee G.V.K. Rao Committee L M Singhvi Committee Thungon Committee Gadgil Committee Constitutionalisation Significance of the Act Salient Features A. Compulsory Provisions B. Voluntary Provisions Objectives of the Act Features of the Act Historical Perspective Committees and Commissions Constitutionalisation Salient Features 1. Municipal Corporation 2. Municipality 3. Notified Area Committee 4. Town Area Committee 5. Cantonment Board 6. Township 7. Port Trust 8. Special Purpose Agency PART-VI 40. Union Territories ADMINISTRATION OF UNION TERRITORIES SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR DELHI ADVISORY COMMITTEES OF UNION TERRITORIES 41 Scheduled and Tribal Areas ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS ADMINISTRATION OF TRIBAL AREAS PART-VII CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES 42. Election Commission INDEPENDENCE POWERS AND FUNCTIONS VISION, MISSION AND PRINCIPLES6 44 State Public Service Commission 46 Goods and Services Tax Council 47 National Commission for SCs EVOLUTION OF THE COMMISSION FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION REPORT OF THE COMMISSION POWERS OF THE COMMISSION 48 National Commission for STs SEPARATE COMMISSION FOR STS FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION REPORT OF THE COMMISSION POWERS OF THE COMMISSION 49 National Commission for BCs ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMISSION FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION REPORT OF THE COMMISSION POWERS OF THE COMMISSION 50 Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES ROLE OF THE COMMISSIONER VISION AND MISSION Vision Mission FUNCTIONS AND OBJECTIVES Functions Objectives 51 Comptroller and Auditor General of India APPOINTMENT AND TERM INDEPENDENCE DUTIES AND POWERS ROLE CAG AND CORPORATIONS APPLEBY’S CRITICISM 52 Attorney General of India APPOINTMENT AND TERM DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS SOLICITOR GENERAL OF INDIA 53 Advocate General of the State APPOINTMENT AND TERM DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS PART-VIII 54. NITI Aayog 55 National Human Rights Commission ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMISSION COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSION FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WORKING OF THE COMMISSION ROLE OF THE COMMISSION PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMISSION 56 State Human Rights Commission COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSION FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WORKING OF THE COMMISSION HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS 2019 AMENDMENT ACT 57 Central Information Commission COMPOSITION TENURE AND SERVICE CONDITIONS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS 58 State Information Commission COMPOSITION TENURE AND SERVICE CONDITIONS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS RTI AMENDMENT ACT, 2019 59 Central Vigilance Commission ESTABLISHMENT COMPOSITION ORGANISATION FUNCTIONS JURISDICTION WORKING VIGILANCE UNITS IN THE MINISTRIES WHISTLE BLOWERS PROTECTION ACT (2014)60 Central Bureau of Investigation ESTABLISHMENT OF CBI MOTTO, MISSION AND VISION OF CBI ORGANISATION OF CBI COMPOSITION OF CBI FUNCTIONS OF CBI PROVISION OF PRIOR PERMISSION CBI VS. STATE POLICE CBI ACADEMY 62 National Investigation Agency ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NIA RATIONALE OF THE NIA FUNCTIONS OF THE NIA VISION OF THE NIA MISSION OF THE NIA JURISDICTION OF THE NIA NIA (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2019 63 National Disaster Management Authority ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NDMA OBJECTIVES OF THE NDMA FUNCTIONS OF THE NDMA ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS OF THE NDMA STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Functions DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Functions PART-IX 64. Co-operative Societies REASONS FOR THE 97TH AMENDMENT 65 Official Language LANGUAGE OF THE UNION REGIONAL LANGUAGES LANGUAGE OF THE JUDICIARY AND TEXTS OF LAWS SPECIAL DIRECTIVES Protection of Linguistic Minorities Development of Hindi Language COMMITTEE OF PARLIAMENT ON OFFICIAL LANGUAGE9 CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS Benefits Criteria 66 Public Services CLASSIFICATION OF SERVICES All-India Services Central Services State Services CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 1. Recruitment and Service Conditions 2. Tenure of Office 3. Safeguards to Civil Servants 4. All-India Services 5. Other Provisions 67 Rights and Liabilities of the Government PROPERTY OF THE UNION AND THE STATES 3. Sea-Wealth 4. Compulsory Acquisition by Law 5. Acquisition under Executive Power SUITS BY OR AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT 1. Liability for Contracts 2. Liability for Torts SUITS AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICIALS 2. Ministers 3. Judicial Officers 4. Civil Servants 68 Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes RATIONALE OF SPECIAL PROVISIONS SPECIFICATION OF CLASSES COMPONENTS OF SPECIAL PROVISIONS PART-X POLITICAL DYNAMICS 69. Political Parties Multi-Party System One-Dominant Party System Lack of Clear Ideology Personality Cult Based on Traditional Factors Emergence of Regional Parties Factions and Defections Lack of Effective Opposition RECOGNITION OF NATIONAL AND STATE PARTIES Conditions for Recognition as a National Party Conditions for Recognition as a State Party 70 Role of Regional Parties FEATURES OF REGIONAL PARTIES CLASSIFICATION OF REGIONAL PARTIES RISE OF REGIONAL PARTIES ROLE OF REGIONAL PARTIES DYSFUNCTIONS OF REGIONAL PARTIES 71 Elections ELECTORAL SYSTEM ELECTION MACHINERY ELECTION PROCESS7 72 Election Laws REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1951 DELIMITATION ACT, 2002 OTHER ACTS RELATING TO ELECTIONS RULES RELATING TO ELECTIONS ORDERS RELATING TO ELECTIONS 73 Electoral Reforms COMMITTEES RELATED TO ELECTORAL REFORMS ELECTORAL REFORMS BEFORE 1996 ELECTORAL REFORMS OF 1996 ELECTORAL REFORMS AFTER 1996 ELECTORAL REFORMS SINCE 2010 75 Coalition Government MEANING OF COALITION GOVERNMENT FEATURES OF COALITION GOVERNMENT FORMATION OF COALITION GOVERNMENTS MERITS OF COALITION GOVERNMENT DEMERITS OF COALITION GOVERNMENT 76 Anti-Defection Law PROVISIONS OF THE ACT 1. Disqualification 2. Exceptions 3. Deciding Authority 4. Rule-Making Power EVALUATION OF THE ACT Advantages Criticism 91ST AMENDMENT ACT (2003)Provisions 77 Pressure Groups MEANING AND TECHNIQUES PRESSURE GROUPS IN INDIA 1. Business Groups 2. Trade Unions 3. Agrarian Groups 4. Professional Associations 5. Student Organisations 6. Religious Organisations 7. Caste Groups 8. Tribal Organisations 9. Linguistic Groups 10. Ideology Based Groups 11. Anomic Groups 78 National Integration MEANING OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION OBSTACLES TO NATIONAL INTEGRATION 1. Regionalism 2. Communalism 3. Casteism 4. Linguism NATIONAL INTEGRATION COUNCIL NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR COMMUNAL HARMONY 79 Foreign Policy PRINCIPLES OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY 2. Anti-Colonialism 3. Anti-Racialism 4. Non-Alignment 5. Panchsheel 6. Afro-Asian Bias 7. Links with Commonwealth 8. Support to the UNO 9. Disarmament OBJECTIVES OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY GUJRAL DOCTRINE OF INDIA NUCLEAR DOCTRINE OF INDIA CONNECT CENTRAL ASIA POLICY OF INDIA ACT EAST POLICY OF INDIA PART-XI 80. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution II. FIFTY YEARS OF WORKING OF THE CONSTITUTION 1. Political Accomplishments 2. Economic Infrastructure-Impressive Performance 3. Social Infrastructure- Achievements 4. Political Failures 5. Economic Failures 6. Social Failures 7. Administrative Failures 8. Gender Justice and Equality- Failures 9. Judicial System-Failures III. AREAS OF CONCERN: COMMISSION’S PERCEPTION IV. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION 1. On Fundamental Rights 2. On Right to Property 3. On Directive Principles 4. On Fundamental Duties 5. On Parliament and State Legislatures 6. On Executive and Administration 7. On Centre-State and Inter-State Relations 8. On Judiciary 9. On Pace of Socio-Economic Change and Development 10. On Decentralisation (Panchayats and Municipalities)11. On Institutions in North East India 12. On Electoral Processes 13. On Political Parties 14. On Anti-Defection Law V. EARLIER EFFORTS TO REVIEW THE CONSTITUTION APPENDICES I: Articles of the Constitution (1-395)FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY FUNDAMENTAI DUTIES PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT UNION MINISTERS AND ATTORNEY GENERAL PARLIAMENT SUPREME COURT COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA GOVERNOR STATE LEGISIATURE HIGH COURTS SUBORDINATE COURTS STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDUIE (REPEAIED)UNION TERRITORIES PANCHAYATS MUNICIPALITIES CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS CENTRE-STATE LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS CENTRE-STATE ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS CENTRE-STATE FINANCIAL RELATIONS RIGHT TO PROPERTY TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS TRIBUNALS ELECTIONS SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES OFFICIAL LANGUAGE EMERGENCY PROVISIONS MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, ETC.Appendix II Subjects of Union, State and Concurrent Lists UNION LIST (LIST-I)STATE LIST (LIST-II)CQNCURRENT LIST (LIST-M)Appendix III Table of Precedence Appendix IV Constitutional Amendments at a Glance Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Amendment Number and Year Amendment Number and Year Amended Provisions of the Constitution Appendix V Presidents, Vice- Presidents, Prime Ministers, etc.A. PRESIDENTS OF INDIA G. CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS OF INDIA Name Tenure H. CHAIRMEN OF THE UPSC Name Tenure I. COMPTROLLER AND AUDITORGENERALS OF INDIA Appendix VI Chairpersons of the National Commissions A. NATIONAI HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION 2011 TEST PAPER 2012 TEST PAPER 2013 TEST PAPER 2014 TEST PAPER 2015 TEST PAPER 2016 TEST PAPER 2017 TEST PAPER 2018 TEST PAPER 2019 TEST PAPER Answers 2011 TEST PAPER 2012 TEST PAPER 2013 TEST PAPER 2014 TEST PAPER 2015 TEST PAPER 2016 TEST PAPER 2017 TEST PAPER 2018 TEST PAPER 2019 TEST PAPER Appendix IX UPSC Questions on Indian Polity (General Studies— Mains 2010- 2019)2010 TEST PAPER 2011 TEST PAPER 2012 TEST PAPER 2013 TEST PAPER 2014 TEST PAPER 2015 TEST PAPER 2016 TEST PAPER 2017 TEST PAPER 2018 TEST PAPER 2019 TEST PAPER Appendix X Practice Questions on Indian Polity (General Studies—Mains)I. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS III. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS