22 Parliament

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22 Parliament ‌

The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of

the parliamentary form of government, also known as 'Westminster’ model of government1 .

Articles 79 to 122 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the Parliament.

ORGANISATION OF PARLIAMENT COMPOSITION OF THE TWO HOUSES 1. Representation of States 2. Representation of Union Territories 3. Nominated Members Composition of Lok Sabha 1. Representation of States 2. Representation of Union Territories 3. Nominated Members SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS TO LOK SABHA Territorial Constituencies Readjustment after each Census Reservation of Seats for SCs and STs First-Past-The-Post System DURATION OF TWO HOUSES Duration of Lok Sabha MEMBERSHIP OF PARLIAMENT Disqualifications Disqualification on Ground of Defection Vacating of Seats 1. Double Membership 2. Disqualification 3. Resignation 4. Absence 5. Other cases Oath or Affirmation Salaries and Allowances PRESIDING OFFICERS OF PARLIAMENT Speaker of Lok Sabha Election and Tenure Role, Powers and Functions Independence and Impartiality Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha Chairman of Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha Secretariat of Parliament LEADERS IN PARLIAMENT Leader of the Opposition Whip SESSIONS OF PARLIAMENT Adjournment Prorogation Dissolution Adjournment Prorogation Quorum Voting in House Language in Parliament Rights of Ministers and Attorney General Lame-duck Session DEVICES OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS Zero Hour Motions Closure Motion Privilege Motion Calling Attention Motion Adjournment Motion No-Confidence Motion Confidence Motion Censure Motion Motion of Thanks No-Day-Yet-Named Motion Dilatory Motion Point of Order Half-an-Hour Discussion Short Duration Discussion Special Mention Resolutions Youth Parliament LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE IN PARLIAMENT Ordinary Bills 1. First Reading 2. Second Reading (a) Stage of GeneraI Discussion (b) Committee Stage (c) Consideration Stage 3. Third Reading 4. Bill in the Second House 5. Assent of the President Money Bills Financial Bills Financial Bills (I)Financial Bills (II)JOINT SITTING OF TWO HOUSES BUDGET IN PARLIAMENT Constitutional Provisions Charged Expenditure Stages in Enactment 1. Presentation of Budget 2. General Discussion 3. Scrutiny by Departmental Committees 4. Voting on Demands for Grants (a) PoIicy Cut Motion (b) Economy Cut Motion (c) Token Cut Motion 5. Passing of Appropriation Bill 6. Passing of Finance Bill Other Grants Supplementary Grant Additional Grant Excess Grant Vote of Credit Exceptional Grant Token Grant Funds Consolidated Fund of India Public Account of India Contingency Fund of India MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE OF PARLIAMENT 1. Legislative Powers and Functions 2. Executive Powers and Functions 3. Financial Powers and Functions 4. Constituent Powers and Functions 5. Judicial Powers and Functions 6. Electoral Powers and Functions 7. Other Powers and Functions INEFFECTIVENESS OF PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL POSITION OF RAJYA SABHA Equal Status with Lok Sabha Unequal Status with Lok Sabha Special Powers of Rajya Sabha PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES Classification Collective Privileges Individual Privileges Breach of Privilege and Contempt of the House Sources of Privileges SOVEREIGNTY OF PARLIAMENT 1. Written Nature of the Constitution 2. Federal System of Government 3. System of Judicial Review 4. Fundamental Rights Conduct of Business Disqualifications of Members Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members Legislative Procedure Procedures in Financial Matters Procedure Generally Legislative Powers of the President NOTES AND REFERENCES

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