TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Contents

1. Transport 151

1.1. Land Transport 151

1.1.1. Road Transport 151

1.1.2. Rail Transport 159

1.2. Water Transport 162

1.2.1. Inland Waterways 162

1.2.2. Oceanic Routes 166

1.3. Air Transport 172

1.3.1. Important Air Routes of the World 172

1.3.2. Air Transport in India 172

1.4. Pipeline Transport 173

1.4.1. Advantages of Pipeline Transport 173

1.4.2. Limitations of Pipeline Transport 173

1.4.3. Distribution of Pipelines in the World 173

1.4.4. Pipeline Transport in India 174

2. Communication 174

2.1. Personal Communication System 175

2.2. Mass Communication System 175

2.2.1. Radio 175

2.2.2. Television (T.V.) 175

2.2.3. Satellite Communication 176

3. International Trade 177

3.1. Factors influencing International Trade 178

3.2. Components of International Trade 179

3.3. Types of International Trade 180

3.4. International Pattern of Trade 180

3.5. Regional Trade Blocs and World Trade Organisation (WTO) 180

3.6. Balance of Trade 182

3.7. Concerns Related to International Trade 182

3.8. Limitations of International Trade 182

3.9. India’s Foreign Trade 183

3.10. Challenges in International Trade for India 184

4. Sources 185