2. Federal Structure

Being federal in nature, our Constitution divides legislative, executive and financial powers between the Centre and States. But, judicial powers are exercised by an integrated judicial system, which enforces both the central and state laws, unlike other federations like USA, where judicial powers are also divided.

2.1. Union State Legislative Relations (Arts. 245 to255)(A) Territorial Jurisdiction (B) Subject Matter Fig. Important Legislative Competence Some other provisions provide for Centre’s control over State legislation:So what is the underlying need for the Concurrent List in the Constitution?2.2. Administrative Relations (Arts. 256 to263)2.3. Financial Relations (Art.268 to Art.293)3. Taxes levied and collected by the Union, but assigned to the States within which they are leviable (Art.269):2.4. Trends in Centre-State relations Development of India’s federalism since Independence 2.4.2. Sarkaria Commission 2.4.3. MM Punchhi Commission (Being the latest committee on Centre-State relations, its recommendations are given in detail)On Transfer of Entries in the Lists, from List II to List III On Management of matters in concurrent jurisdiction On Bills reserved for consideration of the President On Treaty making powers of the Union Executive and Centre-State Relations On Appointment and Removal of Governors On Governors' discretionary powers On Obligation of the Union to protect States from external aggression and internal disturbance S.R. Bommai V. Union of India On "Local emergency" under Article 355 and 356 On Power of Union to give directions to State On Co-ordination between States, Centre-State Relations and Inter-State Council On Zonal Councils and Empowered Committees of Ministers On Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers On All India Services and Centre-State Co-operation for better Administration On Rajya Sabha to be a Chamber to protect States' rights On Equal representation of States in Rajya Sabha On Governments' obligation to support court expenditure when laws are made On Judicial Councils to advise Centre-State share in judicial budgets On Need for continuing emphasis on federal balance of power On Streamlining Administrative Relations On Fiscal Relations to be largely decided by the Finance Commission 2.5. Miscellaneous Issues 2.5.1. Special Category Status to States 2.5.2. Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)2.5.3. NITI AYOG 2.5.4. NCTC Background of NCTC Objections raised by States Way Ahead 2.5.5. Issues around GST 2.5.6. Federalism and Foreign Policy 2.5.7. Deployment of central para-military forces in states 2.5.8. Article 370 How the Scrapping of Article 370 and 35A became possible?Scrapping Article 370: Constitutional and legal challenges