LECTURE-3
INDIA NEIGHBOURHOOD RELATIONS: PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN
Contents
1. India and Pakistan 57
1.1. The Background 57
1.2. India-Pakistan Relations A Framework: Dialogue-Disruption-Dialogue 60
1.3. Key Issues 61
1.4. The Indus Water Treaty 62
1.4.1. Significance 62
1.4.2. Important Provisions 62
1.4.3. Indus, Jhelum and Chenab: Western Rivers and India 62
1.4.4. Recent Disagreements 63
1.4.5. What are Indian Concerns in Recent Times? 64
1.4.6. Increasing Questions on the Treaty 64
1.4.7. Should the Treaty be Revoked? 65
1.4.8. India’s Options 65
1.5. Sir Creek Dispute 65
1.5.1. India’s Claims v Pakistan’s Claims 66
1.5.2. The Sir Creek Issue: Significance 66
1.6. Siachen 67
1.6.1. India v Pakistan Claims 67
1.6.2. India’s Position on the Way Forward 68
1.7. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 68
1.8. The Kulbhushan Jadhav Issue 69
1.9. Trade 69
1.10. Vision and Reality 70
2. India and Afghanistan 70
2.1. Background 70
2.2. Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) 71
2.3. Heart of Asia Process 71
2.4. India’s Contribution in Reconstruction Efforts 72
2.4.1. Challenges of Connectivity 72
2.5 Multiple Aspects of Cooperation 73
1. India and Pakistan♤ Pakistan resolution passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940.♤ 1989 - Armed insurgency the Kashmir valley begins. Muslim political actors, after accusing the state government of rigging the 1987 state legislative elections, form militant wings.♤ 2002 - President Musharraf pledges that Pakistan will combat extremism on its own soil, but affirms that the country has a right to Kashmir.1.2. India-Pakistan Relations A Framework: Dialogue-Disruption- Dialogue♤ The foundational apprehensions of Pakistan against India and its quest for defining itself as the opposite has led to its intransigence on many issues.♤ Idea of a “composite dialogue process” (CDP) was articulated at the 1997 Male meeting between Indian Prime Minister I.K. Gujral and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.♤ When Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Nawaz Sharif met in Ufa in 2015, on the sidelines of the SCO summit, It was decided that the two sides will hold one discussion on terrorism and the other for peace on the border.♤ In the latest stage the dialogue between the two countries that resumed in 2015 was again disrupted by the terrorist attack in Pathankot and Uri in 2016.1.3. Key Issues♤ Normalization: Normalization refers to the process of making progress on the contentious issues between the country. It involves, trade, cultural exchanges and resolving the issues known as ‘low hanging fruits’ such as Siachen and Sirceek issues.♤ It is Seen as one of the most successful international treaties,♤ It is the first and only treaty that goes beyond water sharing to partitioning rivers.unrestricted use.1.4.3. Indus, Jhelum and Chenab: Western Rivers and India1.4.4. Recent Disagreements1.4.5. What are Indian Concerns in Recent Times?1.4.7. Should the Treaty be Revoked?1.4.8. India’s Options1.5. Sir Creek Dispute♤ It was one of the subjects in the India-Pakistan composite dialogue that resumed under1.5.2. The Sir Creek Issue: Significance1.6. Siachen♤ The 1972 Simla Agreement mentions the boundary after this point to extend “north to the glaciers”.♤ These contrasting interpretations have made it difficult for a final resolution of the dispute even though it is possible to mutually demilitarise the region given that both Indian and Pakistani soldiers regularly lose their lives there due to harsh climatic♤ India has therefore insisted that joint demarcation of the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) on the ground as well as the map should be the first step to be followed by a joint verification agreement and redeployment of forces to mutually agreed positions.♤ The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is part of the larger OBOR or the Belt and Road(BRI) project of China.♤ The project through the development of Gwadar port also has strategic significance as it provides China a presence in the Indian Ocean.♤ On 18 May 2017 International Court of Justice stays death sentence given to Kulbhushan Jadhav by Pakistani military court until further notice.1.9. Trade♤ Withdrawing MFN status to Islamabad could mark an important – even if symbolic –♤ Pakistan’s total import from South Asia itself is less than 4 per cent.1.10. Vision and Reality2. India and AfghanistanMap3.6-Afghanistan♤ In 1990s, India became one of the key supporters of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance.♤ As Afghanistan was undergoing three simultaneous political, security and economic transitions in 2015.♤ encouraging investment in Afghanistan's natural resources, providing duty free access to the Indian market for Afghanistan's exportso Political consultations♤ India is the lead country for Trade, Commerce and Investment CBM of Heart of Asia Process,2.4. India’s Contribution in Reconstruction Efforts♤ India has committed over 2 billion US$ for development efforts in Afghanistan.♤ Despite India's requests for direct land access to Afghanistan, Pakistan has refused to provide such facility over its strategic concerns.Map 3.7 Connecting Afghanistan2.5 Multiple Aspects of Cooperation
