♤ The 1972 Simla Agreement mentions the boundary after this point to extend “north to the glaciers”.

♤ India established its ground position in 1984, a response to Pakistan’s Oropolitics,

through the Operation Meghdoot in 1984 and remains in control of the glacier

♤ Divergent positions held by India and Pakistan on the dispute is one of the primary reasons why the negotiations on demilitarising the Siachen glacier and the adjoining areas have not progressed much.

1.6.1. India v Pakistan Claims

♤ Indian and Pakistani sides have interpreted the phrase “North to the glaciers” very differently. Pakistan argues that this means that the line should go from NJ 9842 straight to the Karakoram pass on the Sino-Indian border. India, however, insists that the line should proceed north from NJ 9842 along the Saltoro range to the border with China. Between these two interpretations lies a substantial amount of glaciated territory that both sides want control of.