♤ As Afghanistan was undergoing three simultaneous political, security and economic transitions in 2015.

♤ India had allayed its fears about its future by making a long-term commitment to the security and development of Afghanistan.

♤ Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani visited India for his first state visit in April 2015 and in October 2017

♤ Prime Minister Modi visited Afghanistan in December 2016.

2.2. Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA)

The Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) between the two sides, inter alia, provides for

♤ assistance to help rebuild Afghanistan's infrastructure and institutions, education and technical assistance to re-build indigenous Afghan capacity in different areas,