♤ Despite India's requests for direct land access to Afghanistan, Pakistan has refused to provide such facility over its strategic concerns.

♤ Alternate routes India could use to access Afghanistan: in the absence of direct land access, India is also working with Afghanistan and Iran to develop trilateral transit. Participation in development of Chahbahar port will augment our connectivity with Afghanistan and beyond.

♤ India in October 2017 began shipment of wheat to Afghanistan through the Iranian port of Chabahar.

♤ India and Afghanistan have also established two air corridors - one between Delhi and Kabul and the other Kandahar to Delhi - to carry goods at subsidised rates.