MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS LIKE EL NINO, LA NINA, ENSO, URBAN CLIMATE, APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY, HEAT ISLAND ETC.

Contents

1. Land Resources and Agriculture 76

1.1. Land Use Categories 76

1.2. Land-use Changes in India 77

1.2.1. Intensity of cropping 78

1.2.2. Common Property Resources 78

1.3. Agricultural Land Use in India 78

1.4. Salient Features of Indian Agriculture 79

1.5. Cropping Season in India 80

1.5.1. The Kharif Season 80

1.5.2. The Rabi Season 80

1.5.3. The Zaid Season 80

1.6. Type of Farming (On Basis of Moisture for crops) 80

1.7. Type of Farming (On Basis of Changing Geographical Environment or Historical Background) 81

1.7.1. Shifting Agriculture 81

1.7.2. Subsistence Agriculture 81

1.7.3. Intensive Agriculture 81

1.7.4. Extensive Agriculture 81

1.7.5. Plantation Agriculture 82

1.7.6. Commercial Agriculture 82

1.7.7. Mixed Farming 82

1.8. Cropping Pattern 82

1.9. Food grains 83

1.9.1. Cereals 83

1.9.2. Oilseeds 85

1.9.3. Cash Crops 87

1.9.4. Tabular Representation of Various Crop Requirements in India 88

1.10. Agricultural Development in India 89

1.10.1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 91

1.11. Government Steps to Enhance Agricultural Inputs 91

1.11.1. Seeds 91

1.11.2. Mechanization and Technology 91

1.11.3. Integrated Nutrient Management 92

1.11.4. Irrigation 92

1.12. Major Schemes/Programmes for the Agricultural Sector 92

1.12.1. National Food Security Mission 93

1.12.2. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana 93

1.12.3. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture 93

1.12.4. Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI) 94

1.12.5. Integrated Scheme Of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oilpalm & Maize (ISOPOM) 95

1.13. Problems of Indian Agriculture 96

1.14. UPSC Questions Covered 97