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LAND REFORMS IN INDIA

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Need for Land Reforms in India 3. Objectives of Land Reforms in India 4. Historical Background 5. Land Reforms in India 5.1. Legal Framework for Land Reforms 5.2. Measures undertaken for Land Reforms Land Policy formulation through Planning Period 6. Land Acquisition in India 6.1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 6.2. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Second Amendment) Bill, 2015 7. Analysis of Land Reform Measures 8. Future of Land Reforms 9. Suggestions for the Future 10. Previous Years GS Mains Questions 1. The most appropriate way to counter the ills in the practice of tenancy in rural India is to legalise it. Discuss.Answer:2. The scope of Land reforms needs to be widened beyond the mere activity of redistribution of land and fixing land ceilings to a systemic restructuring that undertakes reforms in the sector of energy and water. Discuss.Answer:3. "Contract farming with the government playing facilitator and umpire can be beneficial to farmers". In this context, critically analyse the scope and utility of contract farming in India.Answer:4. Highlight the role of institutional farm credit mechanisms in facilitating the process of land reforms in India. How can cooperative societies bring a faster change in this respect?Answer:5. Explaining the rationale behind ceiling on agricultural land holdings, discuss whether land ceiling has stifled agricultural growth in India.Answer: ♤ Arguements in Favour: ♤ Arguements Against:6. Enumerating the objectives of land reform policy in post-independence India, critically examine its implementation and achievements.Answer:Implementation of land reforms Achievements 7. It is argued by many that there is an urgent need for states to reform land laws and, in particular, tenancy laws. What are the factors cited for the need of such reforms? Identify the impediments in the way of such reforms and highlight the benefits that would accrue from them.Answer:Need for tenancy reforms:Roadblocks in the way Expected benefits after tenancy reforms:11. Previous Years UPSC Mains Questions Contents 1. Introduction 2. Relation between Infrastructure & Economic Development 3. Roads and Road Transport 3.1. Government Initiatives 3.2. Way Ahead 3.3. Additional Schemes/Initiatives 3.4. New Initiatives 3.5. Green Initiatives 3.6. E- Initiatives 3.7. Road Connectivity Projects with Neighbouring Countries 3.8. Recommendations of Rakesh Mohan Committee (National Transport Development Policy Committee (NTDPC))4. Railways 4.1. Rolling Stock 4.2. Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs)4.3. Commission of Railway Safety 4.4. Key Developments 4.5. Various Committees for Reforms 4.6. Challenges and Suggestions 4.7. Key Issues 5. Civil Aviation 5.1. Agencies related to Civil Aviation 5.2. Challenges & Recommendations 5.3. Recommendations of NTDPC 6. Ports and Shipping 6.1. National Maritime Development Programme (NMDP)6.2. Shipping 6.3. Coastal Shipping 6.4. Inland Water Transport 6.5. Shipping Corporation of India 6.6. Shipbuilding Industry in India 6.7. Key Developments 6.8. Challenges 6.9. Recommendations of NTDPC 7. Energy Break up of Total Installed Capacity 7.2. Energy Efficiency 7.3. Energy Pricing 7.4. Oil and Gas Production 8. Power 8.1. Power Availability in India 8.2. Key Developments in Power Sector 8.3. Coal 9. Renewable Energy 9.1. Policy Initiatives 9.2. Key Developments 10. Telecommunications 10.1. Present Status 10.2. Tele-Density 10.3. Composition of the Market 10.4. Broadband 10.5. National Telecom Policy 2012 10.6. Manufacturing of Telecom Equipment 10.7. Universal Service Obligation Fund 10.8. National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN)10.9. Transition to New Internet Protocol 10.10. Regulatory Framework 10.11. Research & Development 10.12. Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)11. Kelkar Committee Report: Revisiting & Revitalizing the PPP Model of Infrastructure Development 12. Previous Years GS Mains Questions 1. Is increasing energy efficiency an important way to contain energy demand, without jeopardising growth? Also give an account of the measures taken up for the same.Answer:2. “In India, tertiary roads are given tertiary treatment”. In this context, elaborate on the importance of developing rural roads in the country. Also highlight the success of PMGSY in ushering the much-needed bottom-up reforms.Answer:3. Smart Grids will bring the Communication, IT and Power Technologies in unison and establish a comprehensive power infrastructure in the country”. In light of this statement elaborate the role that can be played by smart grids in solving India’s energy problems.Answer:4. Despite one of the longest coastlines in the world, India’s port facilities and shipping industry are beset by numerous problems. Explain. Discuss some of the corrective measures taken by the government to overcome these problems.Answer:5. Dedicated freight corridors have a huge potential to revive the manufacturing sector in the country Explain. What are the various issues which have slowed down the implementation of these projects?Answer:How can DFCs help in reviving the manufacturing sector:Issues slowing the implementation of projects Government initiatives:Effects:Way forward Reasons for this paradox:UDAY scheme: A way out?Further reforms:Ensuring affordability and connectivity Development of domestic aviation market Challenges Answer:13. Previous Years UPSC Mains Questions

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