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MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS LIKE EL NINO, LA NINA, ENSO, URBAN CLIMATE, APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY, HEAT ISLAND ETC.
Contents
1. El Niño 46
1.1. El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 47
1.2. La Niña 49
1.3. Walker Circulation 50
1.4. El Niño & La Niña Modoki 52
2. Urban Climate 53
2.1. Urban Heat Island 53
2.2. Atmospheric Pollution Over Cities 55
2.3. Urban Climate and Global Climate Change 56
3. Microclimate 56
4. Applied Climatology 57
4.1. Climate and Natural Vegetation 57
4.2. Climate and Agriculture 58
4.3. Climate and Animal Husbandry 58
4.4. Climate and Housing 58
4.5. Air Pollution and Health 58
4.6. Climate and Economy 59
4.7. Climatic Adaptation 59
5. UPSC Previous Years’ Mains Questions 60
6. UPSC Previous Years’ Prelim Questions 60