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INVESTMENT MODELS
Contents
1. Models Used in the Planning Process
1.1. Harrod – Domar Growth Model
1.1.1. Relevance of Harrod-Domar Model for Developing Countries
1.2. Mahalanobis Strategy of Economic Growth
1.3. Planning Model Adopted in India
2. Infrastructure Investment Models
2.1. Financing of Infrastructure: Need, Issue and Challenges
2.2. Issues in Infrastructure Financing
2.3. Measures Taken by the Government
2.4. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Infrastructure
2.4.1. What advantages PPPs may provide?
2.4.2. How a PPP project is different from a conventional project?
2.4.3. Are there any limitations of PPPs?
2.4.4. Models of PPP
Turnkey
Affermage/Lease
Concessions: BOT/BTO/BROT/BLT
Understanding the basic structure of a PPP arrangement
PPP Initiatives in India
2.5. EPC MODEL
2.5.1. How is EPC different and better than PPP?
2.5.2. Some issues with EPC model
2.6. Swiss Challenge Model
2.6.1. Advantages
2.6.2. Problems with this Model
2.6.3. Suitability of Model to Indian situation
2.7. Hybrid Annuity Model
2.7.1. Salient Features
2.7.2. Advantages of this Model
2.7.3. Need of this Model
2.7.4. Challenges in this Model
3. Models of Foreign Investment
3.1. Why the Need for Foreign investment?
3.2. Forms of Foreign Investment
3.3. Foreign Direct Investment
3.3.1. Forms of FDI
3.3.2. Why FDI preferred?
3.3.3. Forbidden Territories
3.4. Foreign Institutional Investors
3.5. Recent Initiatives to promote Foreign Investment
3.5.1. Expansion of Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs ) Scheme
3.5.2. Categorization of NRI investment as domestic investment
3.5.3. What More Needs to be Done to Promote Investment and Increase Efficiency of Investment?
4. Previous Years GS Mains Questions
1. What is National Investment Fund? Discuss its salient features and changes incorporated in its recent restructuring.
Answer:
Restructuring:
2. Highlight the problems in the BOT mode for road transport. How will switching to the EPC mode solve these problems?
Answer:
3. India has emerged as the world’s largest PPP market with more than 900 projects in various stages of development yet challenges galore. Explain. How far would the ‘3P India’ Initiative be able to address these challenges?
Answer:
How can 3P India address these challenges?
4. Explaining the Hybrid Annuity Model, discuss how far it can help to revive private participation in large infrastructure projects.
Answer:
How Hybrid Annuity Model will revive private participation in large infrastructure projects:
5. Explain the key issues in infrastructure financing in India. What steps have been taken by the government to address these issues?
Answer:
Issues in Infrastructure Financing
Steps taken by the Government
5. Previous Years UPSC Mains Questions
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