Movement (1905-1918)

● Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)

● First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)

● First World War and Nationalist Response

Chapter 12

Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)

Growth of Militant Nationalism

A radical trend of a militant nationalist approach to political activity started emerging in the 1890s and it took a concrete shape by 1905. As an adjunct to this trend, a revolutionary wing also took shape.

Why Militant Nationalism Grew Growth of Confidence and Self-Respect Growth of Education International Influences Reaction to Increasing Westernisation Dissatisfaction with Achievements of Moderates Views Reactionary Policies of Curzon Existence of a Militant School of Thought Emergence of a Trained Leadership Partition of Bengal to Divide People Anti-Partition Campaign Under Moderates (1903-05)The Congress’s Position The Movement under Extremist Leadership The Extremist Programme New Forms of Struggle and Impact Boycott of Foreign Goods Public Meetings and Processions Corps of Volunteers or ‘Samitis’Imaginative use of Traditional Popular Festivals and Melas Emphasis given to Self-Reliance Programme of Swadeshi or National Education Swadeshi or Indigenous Enterprises Impact in the Cultural Sphere Extent of Mass Participation All India Aspect Annulment of Partition Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement The Movement Fizzles Out Movement a Turning Point Moderate Methods Give Way to Extremist Modes The Surat Split Run-up to Surat Split Takes Place Government Repression The Government Strategy Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 The Reforms Evaluation Summary The Revolutionary Programme A Survey of Revolutionary Activities Bengal Maharashtra Punjab Revolutionary Activities Abroad The Ghadr Revolutionaries in Europe Mutiny in Singapore Decline Summary Home Rule League Movement Factors Leading to the Movement The Leagues Tilak’s League Besant’s League The Home Rule League Programme Government Attitude Why the Agitation Faded Out by 1919 Positive Gains Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress (1916)Readmission of Extremists to Congress Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League Why the Change in the League’s Altitude The Nature of the Pact Critical Comments Montagu’s Statement of August 1917 Indian Objections Summary