Contents

1. Directive Principles of State Policy 242

2. Historic Evolution 242

3. Influences 242

4. Characteristics of DPSP’s 243

4.1. Ideals to be followed by the State 243

4.2. Limitation on arbitrary exercise of power 243

4.3. Non-Enforceable 243

4.4. Amplification of Preamble 243

4.5. Moral Obligation 243

5. Classification and Details of Directive Principles 243

5.1. Article 36 244

5.1.1. Text 244

5.2. Article 37 244

5.2.1. Text 244

5.2.2. Description 244

5.3. Article 38 244

5.3.1. Text 244

5.3.2. Description 244

5.4. Article 39 244

5.4.1. Text 244

5.4.2. Description 245

5.5. Article 39A 245

5.5.1. Text 245

5.5.2. Description 245

5.6. Article 40 245

5.6.1. Text 245

5.6.2. Description 245

5.7. Article 41 246

5.7.1. Text 246

5.7.2. Description 246

5.8. Article 42 246

5.8.1. Text 246

5.9. Article 43 246

5.9.1. Text 246

5.9.2. Description 246

5.10. Article 43A 246

5.10.1. Text 246

5.10.2. Description 246

5.11. Article 43B 246

5.11.1. Text 246

5.11.2. Description 247

5.12. Article 44 247

5.12.1. Text 247

5.12.2. Description 247

5.12.3. Constitutional Provisions in support of Uniform Civil Code 247

5.12.4. Debate Around Uniform Civil Code 247

5.12.5. Recent Supreme Court judgments 247

5.12.6. Benefits of Uniform Civil Code 248

5.12.7. Challenges in implementing Uniform Civil Code 248

5.13. Article 45 249

5.13.1. Text 249

5.13.2. Description 249

5.14. Article 46 249

5.14.1. Text 249

5.14.2. Description 249

5.15. Article 47 249

5.15.1. Text 249

5.15.2. Description 249

5.16. Article 48 249

5.16.1. Text 249

5.17. Article 48A 250

5.17.1. Text 250

5.17.2. Description 250

5.18. Article 49 250

5.18.1. Text 250

5.18.2. Description 250

5.19. Article 50 250

5.19.1. Text 250

5.19.2. Description 250

5.20. Article 51 250

5.20.1. Text 250

5.20.2. Description 251

6. Relation with Fundamental Rights 251

7. Difference between Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights 252

8. Implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy 253

9. Directives and Constitutional Amendments 254

10. Reasons behind Directive Principles being made non-justiciable and legally non-enforceable

................................................................................................................................................... 254

11. Criticism of DPSP’s 254

12. Significance of DPSP’s 255

13. UPSC Previous Years Mains Questions 256

14. GS Mains Test Series Questions 256