♤ By Special Majority of the Parliament

The majority of the provisions of the Constitution need to be amended by a special majority of the Parliament.

o The method:

 A majority of the ‘total membership’ of each house; and

 A majority of two-third of the members of each House present and voting.

Note: ‘Total Membership’ implies the total number of members comprising the house, irrespective of the fact whether there are vacancies or absentees. However, the impeachment of President is the only exception where the resolution should be passed by a majority of not less than two-third of the total membership of each house.

o The provisions which can be amended by this way include: (i) Fundamental Rights; (ii) Directive Principles of State Policy; and (iii) All other provisions which are not covered by the first and third categories.