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Figure 2: Global share of recoverable coal reserves
Figure 3: coal deposits of the world
In terms of production, China is the top coal producer since 1983. In 2011 China produced 3,520 millions of tonnes (mt) of coal – 49.5% of 7,695 million tonnes world coal production. In 2011 other large producers were United States (993 mt), India (589 mt), European Union (576 mt) and Australia (416 mt). Top coal exporting countries are Australia with 27% and Indonesia with 26% of total world coal export in 2010. Japan is the largest coal importer with 17% of total world coal import seconded by China having share of 16% in 2010. Major coalfields of the world are listed in the table 1.
North America | ♤ Pennsylvania anthracite field ♤ Appalachian bituminous field ♤ Eastern Illinois field – Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky ♤ Western interior field – Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma ♤ Gulf province – Texas, Alabama and Arkansas ♤ Rocky mountain province- Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, new Mexico ♤ Canada – Prairies, British Columbia coalfields, Nova Scotia Coal fields |
Europe | ♤ Donetz coal basin (anthracite and high grade bituminous coal) ♤ Moscow-Tula coalfields ♤ Kuznetsk coal basin ♤ Karaganda field ♤ Silesia coal fields ♤ Ruhr area of Germany ♤ Other coal fields in Urals, Taimyr fields of the Arctic, deposits of the Caucasus mountains |
Asia | ♤ China – Shanxi, Fushun, Inner Mongolia, Kansu ♤ Japan – Chikugo coalfield, Ishikari coalfield ♤ India – Damodar valley, Raniganj, Bokaro, Jharia, Singareni. ♤ Pakistan - Quetta, Kalabagh and Thar coalfields ♤ Australia – Bowen Basin coalfield, Galilee Basin coalfield, South Maitland coalfield, Sydney Basin coalfield, and Latrobe valley coalfield |
Africa | ♤ Transvaal and Natal – Middleburg, Vereeniging and Witbank ♤ Zimbabwe – Wankie ♤ Zaire – Luena ♤ Mozambique – Maniamba ♤ Zambia – Nkandabwe and Mamba ♤ Nigeria – Enugu |
South America | ♤ Brazil – Santa Catarine and Rio grande de sul ♤ Chile – Concepcion ♤ Columbia – Cauca valley coalfield ♤ Mexico – Piedras Negras, Sabinas and Lampazos |
3.1.1. Coal in India