Season

Duration

General

characteristics

Temperature

Wind,

disturbances

rainfall

Winter

Mid-

Clear skies, fine

Mean daily

High pressure

Westerly

season

November

weather, low

temperature

over north-

disturbances

to February

humidity

below 21oC in

western India.

cause rainfall in

North India.

Winds blow

northern plains.

Some part

from north-

Rainfall

experience

west to south-

decreases from

temperature

east. Around

west to east in

below freezing

four or five

plains but

point.

westerly

increases in

Temperature

disturbances

north-east again

increases from

are carried by

as it catch water

north to south.

westerly jet

from Bay of

stream.

Bengal. North-

east monsoon

causes winter

rainfall in

southern Andhra

Pradesh, Tamil

Nadu etc.

Summer

April,

May,

Excessive

heat,

Temperature

Low pressure

Completely dry

season

June

hot loo,

dust

rises up to 45oC

over north-

season. Dust

storms

and

in north India.

western part of

storms and

dryness

Temperature

India and high

thunder storms

has increased to

pressure over

provide some

50oC in

southern parts

rainfall. Eastern

Ganganagar

of Bay of

regions receives

earlier. Summer

Bengal. ITCZ

more rainfall

in south India is

shifts to

comparatively.

not so extreme.

Ganges plain.

Wind direction

varies from one

part of India to

the other. Dust

storms are

frequency

experienced in

the afternoon

in northern

plains.

South-west monsoon

June –

September

Whole of India under south- west monsoon. India faces severe cyclones, thunderstorms etc.

June is the hottest month. Temperature remains low during July and August which rises high in September with decreasing amount of

precipitation.

Winds are south-westerly over mainland India.

India receives its 80%

precipitation in this season. There is decline of rainfall from east to west in plains. Details are discussed under ‘monsoon’

above.

Retreating monsoon

October- November

Monsoon winds are retreating gradually and sudden rise of temperature with October heat.

Day temperature is high and nights are cool and pleasant. The average minimum temperature fall below 20oC.

Winds are north-easterly. Clear skies and gentle breeze are characteristics of this season.

Southern Peninsular

region (Tamil

Nadu, Kerala,

and Southern Andhra Pradesh) receives rain. Cyclonic activities are more frequent in Peninsular

region.