o With the use of Gallium Nitride (GaN) blue LEDs can be produced; however to grow gallium nitride crystals of high enough quality was the real challenge.

o These three physicists were able to produce it by two methods

♤ With the help of blue LEDs they also invented blue-ray discs which can store 4 times more information than infrared light.

♤ Using the same approach for LEDs energetic ultraviolet light can also be made which helps in sterilizing surface and water treatment.

*UPSC generally asks about importance of materials. For example here importance of Gallium Nitride (GaN) can be asked.