At the time of independence

♤ Ownership of land was highly concentrated

♤ Landlords used to extract maximum rental from tenants

♤ Tenants were left with no money after paying the rental and thus made no effort to develop agriculture

♤ They had neither resource nor knowledge

♤ Land was not organized and thus number of small fragments existed

♤ Often cultivators were shifted from one farm to another by landlords on their whims and fancies.

♤ Cultivators often had to supplement their farm income by working as hired laborers like their poorer landless counterparts.