Positive Developments due to state's Initiative:

Certain positive developments in the tribal sphere have occurred since 1947. Legislation to protect tribal rights & interests, activities of the tribal welfare departments, Panchayati Raj, Tribal Advisory Councils in all states containing tribal areas to advise on matters concerning the welfare of tribals. spread of literacy and education, reservations in government services and in Parliament, state assemblies, reservation in higher education institutions, repeated elections have led to increasing confidence among the tribal people & greater political participation by them, at least by growing middle classes & intelligentsia among them in the constitutional political processes.

Even though there are certain regions where reached the benefits of positive discrimination by the states, certain regions are still lagging behind. Protest movements have sprung up among tribals out of their frustration with the lack of development & welfare. Some of the protest movements have taken to violence leading to strong state action against them.