French and Portuguese settlements:

After integration of princely states two trouble spots were French settlement and Portuguese settlements. After prolonged negotiation Pondicherry and other French possessions were handed over to India in 1954.

Portuguese were not ready to handover their areas. Its Nato allies supported Portugal’s position and India supported peaceful means. There was a independence movement in Goa, India remained patience even in face of Portuguese repression in Goac. Eventually, however, in 1961 when that popular movement asked for support, Indian troops marched in Goa in under Operation Vijay and Portuguese authorities surrendered without any fight.