Dual Federation (USA) – both the Centre and state are completely independent.

They are complete governments

Cooperative Federation (India) – Interdependence of Centre and state govt. Neither of them is independent of

the other. Centre usually has the role of big brother

Centrifugal federalism

Centripetal federalism

Symmetrical federalism – all states are given equal representation in Senate

Asymmetrical federalism –

1. States have been given representation in Rajya Sabha on the basis of their population.

2. Articles 370, 371 provide special provisions to few states.

USA is a Legislative federation. This means

that States have dominance in law making.

India is an Executive federation. This means that states

are important at the executive level only.

USA is an indestructible union of indestructible states

India is an indestructible union of destructible states

USA constitution provides a role to states in ratifying the international treaties

through the Senate

There is no such provision for states in the Indian Constitution