2.6. Categories of Tribunals in India

There are four categories of tribunals in India:

1. Administrative bodies exercising quasi-judicial functions, whether as part and parcel of the Department or otherwise.

2. Administrative adjudicatory bodies, which are outside the control of the Department involved in the dispute and hence decide disputes like a judge free from judicial bias. For example: The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal is under the Ministry of Law and not under Ministry of Finance.

3. Tribunals constituted under Article 323A and 323B having constitutional origin and enjoying the powers and status of a High Court.