b. Mixed-Member Proportional Voting

It is also known as "the additional member system," "compensatory PR," the "two vote system," and "the German system." People cast votes on a double ballot. On one side of the ballot i.e. District List, they vote for a district representative. This part of the ballot is a single-member district plurality contest to see which person will represent the district in the legislature. The person with the most votes wins. Usually half of the seats in the legislature are filled in this way. So in a hypothetical 100-member state legislature, the winners of these district contests would occupy 50 of the seats.

On the other part of the ballot i.e. National Party List, voters indicate their choice among the parties, and the other half of the seats in the legislature are filled from regional lists of candidates chosen by these parties. These party list votes are counted on a national basis to determine the total portion of the legislature that each party deserves. Candidates from each party’s lists are then added to its district winners until that party achieves its appropriate share of seats.

For instance, in the district elections (first part of the ballot), party A won 28 seats. It won 40% of the party list votes in the 100-member state legislature (second part of the ballot). Hence, they would be entitled to a total of 40 of the 100 seats. But they already elected 28 of their candidates in district elections, they would then add 12 more (i.e. remainder of the two 40-28=12) from their regional party lists to come up to their quota of 40 seats.