Difference in the nature of powers between Article 352 and Article 356
Parameter | Article 352 | Article 356 |
Effect on legislative and executive functions | State Legislature and the State Executive continue to function. Centre gets concurrent powers of legislation and administration in State matters. | State executive is dismissed and state legislature is either suspended or dissolved. President administers the state through the Governor and Parliament makes laws for the state. |
Centre-State Relationship | Nature of relationship of all the states changes with respect to the Centre | Relationship of only one state changes with the Centre |
Law making powers | Only Parliament can make laws on the subjects enumerated in the State List. | Parliament can delegate the law making power to President or any other authority. |
Effect on Fundamental Rights | It affects Fundamental Rights. | It does not affect Fundamental Rights. |
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ELECTIONS IN INDIA
Contents
1. The Electoral Process 20
1.1. Introduction 20
1.2. Objectives of our founding fathers 20
1.3 Brief Overview of the Election Process in India 20
1.4. Types of Voting Systems 21
1.4.1. First past the post System/Plurality System 21
1.4.2. Proportional Representation Systems 21
1.5. Provisions of the Constitution 22
2. Composition of the Elected Houses 23
2.1. Lok Sabha 23
2.2. State Legislative Assemblies 23
2.3. Rajya Sabha 23
2.4. Legislative Council 23
3. Delimitation of Constituencies for Elections to the Lok Sabha/Legislative Assemblies 24
3.1. Readjustment of Seats after every Census 24
4. Preparation/Revision of Electoral Rolls 25
5. Voter Registration 26
5.1. Eligibility 26
5.2. Disqualification 26
5.3. Categories of Voters/Electors 26
5.3.1. General Voters 26
5.3.2. Service Voters 26
5.3.3. Overseas Voters 27
5.4. Members of Parliament and State Legislatures 27
6. Qualifications & Disqualifications for a Candidate 27
6.1. Qualifications 27
6.2. Disqualifications 28
7. Officers on Poll Duty 28
7.1. Chief Electoral Officer 28
7.2. District Election Officer 28
7.3. Observer 28
7.4. Returning Officer 29
7.5. Presiding Officer 29
7.6. Polling Officer 29
8. Election Notification 29
8.1. Nomination Process 30
8.2. Deposits for Election 30
8.3. Scrutiny of Nominations 30
8.4. Withdrawal of Candidature 31
9. Recognition of Parties 31
10. Election Campaign 31
10.1. Duration of Election Campaign 31
10.2. Campaigning Guidelines and Model Code of Conduct 32
11. The Poll 32
11.1. Polling Stations 32
11.2. Fixing time for poll 32
11.3. Secret Ballot 33
11.4. One Person One Vote 33
11.5. Personation 33
12. Conducting Elections 33
12.1. Counting of Votes 33
12.2. Recording of Result 34
12.3. Equality of votes 34
12.4. Declaration of Result 34
12.5. Recount 34
12.6. Reporting of Result 34
13. Disputes Regarding Elections 34
13.1. Election Petitions 34
13.2. Presentation of Petitions 34
13.3. Jurisdiction 35
13.4. Decision of the High Court 35
14. Process of Election to the Rajya Sabha 35
15. Process of Election to Local Bodies 35
15.1. Delimitation of Constituencies 35
15.2. Disputes Regarding Elections to Panchayats 36
16. Conducting Elections to Municipalities 36
16.1. Disputes Regarding Elections to Panchayats 36
17. Identifying problem areas with elections in India 36
18. Attempts at Electoral Reforms and Previous Committees/Panels 37
19. General Elections 2014 Factsheet 39