2. The Upper Chamber of Parliaments across the world are generally considered less powerful vis-à-vis their Lower Chamber. However, they are also vested with certain functions and powers, which enables them to play a decisive role. Critically analyse with special emphasis on India.

Approach:

♤ Power and status of UC – how it is inferior in powers in legislative, impeachment processes etc.

♤ Special power – India (article 249 and 312), control over executive etc.

♤ Conclude by saying that upper chamber is an important institution but has been given less power w.r.t. lower house.