Why it is required?

The purpose of this, and of the later development of checks and balances, was to ensure that governmental power would not be used in an abusive manner. It is to prevent one branch from becoming supreme, protect the "opulent minority" from the majority, and to induce the branches to cooperate etc.

Under the system of checks and balances, one department is given certain powers by which it may definitely restrain the others from exceeding constitutional authority. It may object or resist any encroachment upon its authority, or it may question, if necessary any act or acts which unlawfully interferes with its sphere of jurisdiction and authority.

The Indian Constitution provides for a scheme of checks and balances between the three organs of government, against any potential abuse of power. For example,

♤ Checks on Judiciary: The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in the States are appointed by the executive i.e. the President acting on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. But they may be removed from office only if they are impeached by Parliament. This measure helps the judiciary to function without any fear of the executive.

♤ Checks on Executive: The executive is responsible to Parliament in its day to day functioning. While the President appoints the leader of the majority party or a person who s/he believes commands a majority in the Lok Sabha a government is duty bound to lay down power if the House adopts a motion expressing no confidence in the government.

♤ Checks by Judiciary on Legislature and Executive: The judiciary keeps a check on the laws made by Parliament and actions taken by Executives, whether they conform to the Constitution or not, using the tool of Judicial Review.