♤ Functional overlap between Executive and Legislature:

 If the President or the Governor, when the legislature or is not in session and is satisfied that circumstances exist that necessitate immediate action may promulgate ordinance which has the same force of the Act made by the Parliament or the State legislature.

 The heads of each governmental ministry is a member of the legislature, thus making the executive an integral part of the legislature.

 The council of ministers on whose advice the President and the Governor acts are elected members of the legislature.

 The executive also exercises law making power under delegated legislation.