Contents

1. Introduction 48

2. Origin 49

3. Definitions 50

3.1. Traditional (Classical) Approach 50

3.1.1. Montesquieu’s Strict Doctrine (Tripartite System) 50

3.1.2. Summary of Doctrine 51

3.2. Modern (Contemporary) Approach 51

4. Separation of Power in Other Countries 51

4.1. Separation of Power in USA 51

4.2. Separation of Power in England 52

5. Doctrine of Separation of Powers in India 52

5.1. Constitutional position 53

5.1.1. Separation of powers 53

5.1.2 Some of the examples of Functional Overlap in India: 54

5.2. Judicial Pronouncements on the Doctrine in India 54

5.2.1. re Delhi Laws Act Case, 1951 55

5.2.2. Kesavananda Bharti case, 1973 55

5.2.3. Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, 1975 55

5.2.4. Other cases 56

5.3. Checks and balances 56

5.4. Judicial Review 57

6. Conclusion 58

7. UPSC Previous years’ Questions 59

8. Previous Years Questions 59