1. High Court

The Article 214 of the Indian Constitution provides for a High Court for each state, but the Seventh Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 authorized the Parliament under Article 231 to establish a common High Court for two or more states and a union territory. Articles 214 to 231 of the Constitution deals with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures and other issues related to the High Courts.

At present, there are 25 High Courts for the states and union territories in the country. The High Courts of Madras, Bombay, Calcutta and Allahabad were the first four High Courts in India, established by the Indian High Courts Act, 1861. Andhra Pradesh is the recent state to have the High Court which was established in 2019.

♤ The Bombay High Court’s jurisdiction extends over Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar

Haveli, and Daman and Diu.

♤ Calcutta High court jurisdiction is over West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

♤ Gauhati High Court has jurisdiction over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland and Mizoram.

♤ Kerala High Court covers Kerala and Lakshadweep.

♤ Madras High Court has jurisdiction over Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.

♤ Punjab and Haryana High Court has jurisdiction over the states of Punjab and Haryana, along with UT of Chandigarh.

♤ Delhi is the only UT that has a High Court of its own.

As per Article 230 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament may by law extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to any union territory or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court from any union territory.