1.1. Evolution of Indian Judicial System

The history of the present judicial system may be traced back to the 18th century, when the British started to establish their control in India. The promulgation of Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court at Calcutta as a Court of Record, with full power & authority. It was established to hear and determine all complaints for any crimes and also to entertain, hear and determine any suits or actions in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Further, two Supreme Courts were established at Madras and Bombay in 1800 and 1823 respectively.

In 1861, the Indian High Courts Act was enacted, and steps were taken to establish High Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. The Supreme Courts established earlier were abolished. These High Courts remained the highest courts in both civil and criminal jurisdictions.

Finally, in 1935, the Federal Court of India was established under the Government of India Act 1935. After Independence, the Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950 succeeding the Federal Court of India.