Parliament

State Legislature

1 It can be introduced in either House of It can be introduced in either House of State Parliament. Legislature.

2 It can be introduced either by a minister It can be introduced either by a minister or a or a private member. private member.

3 It passes through first reading, second It passes through first reading, second reading and reading and third reading in the third reading in the originating House.

originating House.

4 It is deemed to have been passed by the It is deemed to have been passed by the Parliament Parliament only when both the Houses only when both the Houses have agreed to it, have agreed to it, either with or without either with or without amendments.

amendments.

5 A deadlock between the two Houses A deadlock between the two Houses takes place takes place when the second House, when the Legislative Council, after receiving the bill after receiving a bill passed by the first passed by the Legislative Assembly, rejects the bill House, rejects the bill or proposes or proposes amendments that are not acceptable amendments that are not acceptable to to the Legislative Assembly or does not pass the bill the first House or does not pass the bill within 3 months.

within 6 months.

6 The Constitution provides for a The Constitution does not provide for the mechanism to resolve the deadlock mechanism of joint sitting of two Houses of the between the two Houses. State Legislature to resolve a deadlock between the

over the passage of the bill.

7 The Lok Sabha cannot override the Rajya The Legislative Assembly can override the Sabha by passing the Bill for the second Legislative Council by passing the Bill for second time and vice versa. time (Legislative Council does not have such privilege). When a bill is passed by the assembly for

the second time and transmitted to the Legislative Council and it rejects the bill again (or proposes amendments that are not acceptable to the assembly or does not pass the bill within one month) then the bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses.

8 The mechanism of joint sitting in case of The mechanism of passing the bill for the second a deadlock is available irrespective of the time to resolve a deadlock applies to a bill House where the House in which the Bill originating in the Legislative Assembly only. When a originates. bill, which has originated in the Council and sent to the assembly, and is rejected by the latter, the bill

ends and becomes dead.

Parliament

State Legislature

1

It can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha and not in the Rajya Sabha.

It can be introduced only in the Legislative Assembly.

2

It can be introduced only by a minister and not by a private member.

It can be introduced only by a minister and not by a private member.

3

It can be introduced only on the prior recommendation of the President.

It can be introduced only on the recommendation of the Governor.

4

It cannot be rejected or amended by the

It cannot be amended or rejected by the

Rajya Sabha. It should be returned to the

Legislative Council. It has to be returned to the

Lok Sabha within 14 days, either with or

Legislative Assembly within 14 days with or

without amendments.

without amendments.

5

The Lok Sabha can either accept or reject all or any of Rajya Sabha’s recommendations.

The Legislative Assembly can either accept or reject all or any of the Legislative Council’s recommendations.

6

If

the

Lok

Sabha

accepts

any

If

the

Legislative

Assembly

accepts

any

recommendation, then the bill is

recommendation, then the bill is deemed to

deemed to have been passed in the

have been passed in the modified form.

modified form.

7

If the Lok Sabha does not accept any

If the Legislative Assembly does not accept any

recommendation, then the bill is

recommendation, the bill is then deemed to

deemed to have been passed in the

have been passed by both Houses in the original

original form.

form.

8

If the Rajya Sabha does not return the

If the Legislative Council does not return the bill

bill within 14 days then the bill is

within 14 days then the bill is deemed to have

deemed to have been passed in the

been passed in the original form.

original form.

9

There is no provision of a joint sitting in case of a deadlock between the two Houses in case of a Money Bill.

There is no provision of a joint sitting in case of a deadlock between the two Houses.

10

The money bill passed by Parliament is

When a money bill is presented to the Governor,

presented to the President. He may

he may give his assent, withhold his assent or

either give his assent or withhold his

reserve the bill for Presidential assent but

assent but cannot return it for

cannot return the bill to the state legislature for

reconsideration.

reconsideration.

The President can give his assent or withhold

assent but cannot return the bill for

reconsideration.

President

Governor

May assent to the Bill passed by both Houses of the Parliament.

May assent to the Bill passed by the State Legislature.

May declare that he withholds his assent, in which case the Union Bill fails to become a law.

May declare that he withholds his assent, in which case the Bill fails to become a law.

In case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, he may return it for reconsideration by the Parliament. If the Bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without amendments, the President has to declare his assent to it.

In case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, he may return it for reconsideration by the State Legislature. If the Bill is passed again by the Legislature, with or without amendments, the Governor has to declare his assent to it.

-Nil-

Instead of either assenting or withholding his assent, the Governor may reserve the Bill for President’s consideration

In

case

of

a

State

Bill

reserved

for

President’s

Once the Governor reserves a Bill for the

consideration, he can take the following steps:

President’s consideration, the subsequent

1. In case of a Money Bill: He may either declare that

enactment of the Bill is in the hands of the

he assents to it or withholds his assent to it.

President and the Governor plays no part in its

2. Any other Bill: He may

career.

(a) declare that he assents to it or withholds his

assent to it, or

(b) return the Bill to the State Legislature for

reconsideration. The state legislature must

reconsider the Bill within 6 months. If it is passed

again (with or without amendments), it must be

presented to the President again directly. But the

President is not bound to give his assent, even

though the State Legislature has passed the Bill

twice.