NOTES AND REFERENCES‌

1. Before 1950, the British Privy Council had the jurisdiction to hear appeals from India.

2. In Re-Presidential Reference (1998). The president sought the Supreme Court’s opinion (under Article 143) on certain doubts over the Consultation process to be adopted by the chief justice of India as stipulated in the 1993 case.

2a. Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association and another Vs. Union of India (2015).

3. A.N. Ray was fourth in seniority. The three superseded judges were J.M. Shelat, K.S. Hegde and A.N. Grover. All the three judges resigned from the Supreme Court. They were superseded due to their judgement in Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), which was not favourable to the Government.

4. He was H.R. Khanna and he too resigned. His dissenting judgement upholding the right to life even during emergency in the ADM Jabalpur v Shivkant Shukla case (1976) was not appreciated by the Government.

5. An impeachment motion for the removal of a judge does not lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.

6. In 1950, their salaries were fixed at ₹5,000 per month and ₹4,000 per month respectively. In 1986, their salaries were raised to ₹10,000 per month and ₹9,000 per month respectively. In 1998, their salaries were raised to ₹33,000 per month and ₹30,000 per month respectively. In 2009, their salaries were raised to ₹1 lakh per month and ₹90,000 per month respectively.

7. The Criminal Procedure Code (1973) has effected the separation of Judiciary from the Executive (Article 50 under the Directive Principles of State Policy).

8. Pre-Constitution means that, which have been entered into or executed before the commencement of the Constitution and which continues to be in operation after such commencement.

9. This means that the inter-government agreements (i.e., the agreements between states or between Centre and states) can exclude the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in so far as the disputes arising out of them are concerned.

10. The Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 has excluded the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in disputes between states with respect to the use, distribution or control of the water of inter-state river or river valley.

11. These include treaties, covenants, etc. between the Central Government and the formerly princely states during 1947 to 1950.