NOTES AND REFERENCES‌

1. On the death of Jawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri when the leadership was contested, the

president made temporary arrangements by appointing the seniormost minister as the Prime Minister, until the formal election of the leader by the party. Both the times, it was Gulzari Lal Nanda who acted as the Prime Minister.

2. The form of oath of office and secrecy for the Prime Minister is similar to that for any Union minister. See Chapter 20.

3. For example, V.P. Singh in 1990 and Deve Gowda in 1997 resigned after defeat in the Lok Sabha.

4. Article 78 specifically deals with this function of the Prime Minister.

5. The Hindu, April 6, 2009.