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1. These are Articles 101, 102, 190 and 191 which relate to the vacation of seats and disqualification from membership of Parliament and the state legislatures.
2. Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachilhu, (1993).
3. The court observed: 'The Chairman or Speakers hold a pivotal position in the scheme of parliamentary democracy and are guardians of the rights and privileges of the House. They are expected to and do take far-reaching decisions in the functioning of parliamentary democracy. Vestiture of power to adjudicate questions under the Tenth Schedule in such constitutional functionaries should not be considered unexceptionable’.
4. Soli J. Sorabjee, 'The Remedy should not be worse than the Disease’, The Times of India (Sunday Review), February 1, 1985, p. 1.
5. Madhu Limaye, Contemporary Indian Politics, 1989, p. 190.
6. Speaker Shivraj Patil stated: 'The advantages in giving these cases to the judiciary are many. The Speaker or the Chairman may or may not be endowed with legal acumen and proficiency in law. It is more apt to have the cases decided by the Supreme Court or high court judges’.