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4. Humanitarian Issues: Human Rights/Migration/ Refugees
4.1. Human Rights♤ A series of international human rights treaties and other instruments adopted since 1945 have expanded the body of international human rights law.♤ The Human Rights Council, established on 15 March 2006 by the General Assembly and reporting directly to it, replaced the 60-year-old UN Commission on Human Rights as the key UN intergovernmental body responsible for human rights.4.2. Migration/Refugees♤ The term migrant applies to anyone moving from one country to another with the intention to stay in that place for some period of time.♤ All asylum seekers are potential refugees until their case has been determined by UNHCR or government.♤ A “stateless person” is someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law.♤ UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) serves as the ‘guardian’ of the 1951♤ Once in a new country the first legal step for a displaced person is to apply for asylum.♤ Roughly half the world's refugee are children.4.2.1. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)♤ UNHCR is governed by the UN General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).♤ It has10,966 national and international staff working in 130 countries.♤ UNRWA is funded almost entirely by voluntary contributions from UN Member States.♤ The Agency’s services encompass education, health care, relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, microfinance and emergency assistance, including in times of armed conflict.♤ UNRWA Headquarters are located in Amman and in Gaza.♤ Myanmar considers them as persons who migrated to their land during the Colonial rule.♤ Myanmar state, which was ruled by the military junta until 2011, has been accused of ethnic cleansing in Rakhine by the United Nations.♤ This ethnic conflict flared up as religious violence spreading to the other provinces of Myanmar. It was finally contained in 2013 after military intervention.♤ An estimated 87,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar to Bangladesh since late 2016.4.2.3.2. India and the Rohingya Issue♤ December 2017, socio-economic MoU, woth US$ 25 milllion, with Myanmar to help in the Rakhine province.♤ Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. Among its publications is the WORLD MIGRATION REPORT-2018.toward nuclear weapons and intercontinental missiles.♤ North Korea’s isolated dictators have long believed that nuclear weapons will ensure♤ In October 1994 North Korea and the US sign an Agreed Framework under which Pyongyang commited to freezing its nuclear programme in return for heavy fuel oil and two light-water nuclear reactors.♤ In 2003 North Korea exited the NPT which it has joined in 1985.♤ In July 2007 North Korea shut down its main Yongbyon reactor after receiving 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil as part of an aid package.♤ In December 2015 - US imposed new sanctions on North Korea over weapons proliferation, targeting the army's Strategic Rocket Force, banks and shipping companies.♤ In March 2018, it was announced by the South Korea’s national security director Chung Eui-yong that Kim Jong Un wished to meet US President Donald Trump. The Invitation was accepted by President Trump.5.1.1. Why is North Korean Nuclear Capability a Concern5.1.2. India and North Korea5.2.1. India and Syria5.3. Yemen Conflict♤ Yemen’s most recent conflict began in early 2015, when Houthi rebels, from the country’s♤ The Saudi coalition is made up of nine Middle Eastern and African countries, and is supported by the United States.coalition to tighten its blockade of Yemen.♤ The situation in Yemen is, the UN says, the world's worst man-made humanitarian disaster.5.3.2. India♤ Until there is a UN mandate for the external intervention in Yemen, it will serve India’s citizens better if the government retains its impartiality on events in the region, which is ridden with fault-lines. Stability and regional security remains a chief concern for India in a region that is significant for it.
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