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4.2. Migration/Refugees
♤ The term migrant applies to anyone moving from one country to another with the intention to stay in that place for some period of time.♤ All asylum seekers are potential refugees until their case has been determined by UNHCR or government.♤ A “stateless person” is someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law.♤ UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) serves as the ‘guardian’ of the 1951♤ Once in a new country the first legal step for a displaced person is to apply for asylum.♤ Roughly half the world's refugee are children.4.2.1. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)♤ UNHCR is governed by the UN General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).♤ It has10,966 national and international staff working in 130 countries.♤ UNRWA is funded almost entirely by voluntary contributions from UN Member States.♤ The Agency’s services encompass education, health care, relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, microfinance and emergency assistance, including in times of armed conflict.♤ UNRWA Headquarters are located in Amman and in Gaza.♤ Myanmar considers them as persons who migrated to their land during the Colonial rule.♤ Myanmar state, which was ruled by the military junta until 2011, has been accused of ethnic cleansing in Rakhine by the United Nations.♤ This ethnic conflict flared up as religious violence spreading to the other provinces of Myanmar. It was finally contained in 2013 after military intervention.♤ An estimated 87,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar to Bangladesh since late 2016.4.2.3.2. India and the Rohingya Issue♤ December 2017, socio-economic MoU, woth US$ 25 milllion, with Myanmar to help in the Rakhine province.♤ Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. Among its publications is the WORLD MIGRATION REPORT-2018.toward nuclear weapons and intercontinental missiles.♤ North Korea’s isolated dictators have long believed that nuclear weapons will ensure♤ In October 1994 North Korea and the US sign an Agreed Framework under which Pyongyang commited to freezing its nuclear programme in return for heavy fuel oil and two light-water nuclear reactors.♤ In 2003 North Korea exited the NPT which it has joined in 1985.♤ In July 2007 North Korea shut down its main Yongbyon reactor after receiving 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil as part of an aid package.♤ In December 2015 - US imposed new sanctions on North Korea over weapons proliferation, targeting the army's Strategic Rocket Force, banks and shipping companies.♤ In March 2018, it was announced by the South Korea’s national security director Chung Eui-yong that Kim Jong Un wished to meet US President Donald Trump. The Invitation was accepted by President Trump.5.1.1. Why is North Korean Nuclear Capability a Concerno North Korea has little interest in being a member of the international community,5.1.2. India and North Korea♤ North Korea is on relatively friendly terms with India, with both states maintaining embassies in their respective capital cities.♤ In recent months the US has been pushing for India to cut ties with North Korea.“direct dialogue” involved in the Korean Peninsula crisis.♤ In July 2012, the International Red Cross said the violence in Syria had become so widespread that it was in a state of civil war.o fighters known as rebels, who don't want Assad to be in power anymore, and♤ More than 400,000 people have been killed in this civil war.♤ In 2017 an alliance of Syrian Kurdish and Arab fighters, backed by America, took back the city of Raqqa in the north-west from IS.5.2.1. India and Syria♤ India has a number of interests and values which underpin its position on Syria.♤ Delhi also has major interests in stability in the Middle East given its increased dependency on oil and gas imports.♤ India had to, along with its consortium partners, abandon oil investments due to security concerns in 2013.
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