♤ Puts the onus on developed countries to lead the way.

♤ The idea is that, as they are the source of most past and current greenhouse gas emissions, industrialized countries are expected to do the most to cut emissions on home ground.

♤ They are called Annex I countries and belong to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). They also include 12 countries with "economies in transition" from Central and Eastern Europe. Annex I countries were expected by the year 2000 to reduce emissions to 1990 levels.

2.6.1.1. Kyoto Protocol

♤ The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997. Due to a complex ratification process, it entered into force on 16 February 2005.