o International Monetary Fund (IMF): see the entry on Bretton Woods institutions below.

o International Telecommunications Union (ITU): ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs. It allocates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect, and strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide. An organisation based on public-private partnership since its inception, ITU currently has a membership of 193 countries and almost 800 private-sector entities and academic institutions. ITU is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has twelve regional and area offices around the world. ITU was formed in 1865, in Paris, at the International Telegraph Convention; this makes it one of the oldest intergovernmental organisations in the world. ITU became a United Nations specialized agency in 1947

o United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO): It is responsible for coordinating international cooperation in education, science, culture and communication. The UNESCO was founded on 16 November 1945. UNESCO has 195 Members and eight Associate Members. It is governed by the General Conference and the Executive Board. The Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, implements the decisions of these two bodies. Its headquarters are located at Place de Fontenoy in Paris, France. Through the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage , adopted by UNESCO in 1972, it encourages the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. “Many Voices One World”, also known as the MacBride report, was a 1980 UNESCO publication written by the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems.

o United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO): Established by a General Assembly resolution in 1966 as an autonomous body within the UN, it became a sepcialiesd agency in 1985. It is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. As of January 2018, 167 States are Members of UNIDO. The mission of the UNIDO, as described in the Lima Declaration adopted at the fifteenth session of the UNIDO General Conference in 2013, is to promote and accelerate inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID) in Member States.