1. India and Russia
Russia an Introduction: “Russia is never as strong as she appears, and never as weak as she appears.”- Klemens, Fürst (prince) von Metternich.
Map10.1-Russia1.1.2. Russia: Politics♤ The Russian republic was established immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became a union republic of USSSR in 1922.♤ In international politics, Russia is a key power with the permanent membership of the UN Security Council and a large nuclear arsenal.1.2.1. Special and Privileged Strategic PartnershipPartnership was elevated to the level of a “Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership.”1.2.3. Defence and Security Cooperation♤ India has longstanding and wide-ranging cooperation with Russia in the field of defence.1.2.4. Economic Relations♤ The Inter- Governmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Cooperation (IRIGC-TEC) is the apex G2G forum to review economic cooperation.♤ In December 2014, the leaders of the two countries set a target of US $ 30 billion bilateral trade by 2025.o operationalization of the ‘Green Corridor’ project between the two countries which1.2.4.2. Economic Relations: Investments1.2.5. Energy Cooperation♤ Hydrocarbons is an active area for exploring cooperation between the two countries.o robust civil nuclear cooperation,1.2.5.1. Nuclear Energy1.2.6. Science and Technology♤ With Russia’s technical and financial assistance, the pioneers of Indian industrialization came into existence: metallurgical complexes in Bhilai, Visakhapatnam and Bokaro, the mining equipment plant in Durgapur, the thermal power station in Neyveli, the electromechanical enterprise in Korba, antibiotics plants in Rishikesh and the pharmaceutical plant in Hyderabad.♤ In 2007, India and Russia signed a framework agreement on cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, including satellite launches, GLONASS navigation system, remote sensing and other societal applications of outer space.♤ On 15 October 2016, ISRO and Roscosmos signed an MoU to establish ground measurement gathering stations for GLONASS and NAvIC in India and Russia.1.2.6.2. Science and Technology: Other Areas1.2.7. Cultural Relations1.3.1. Way Forward♤ Giving a new impetus to Moscow-New Delhi relations would allow Russia to diversify its efforts in Asia.♤ On defence collaboration, the report said “it is important to secure and consolidate new trends in the development of military-technical cooperation and, first and foremost, to transition from the “seller–buyer” model to large-scale joint breakthrough projects.”
