♤ 5 states viz. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh share border with China.

♤ Major rivers such as Indus, Brahmaputra originate in China. India is a lower riparian state.

♤ China is not an Indian Ocean littoral country, neither is India a Pacific littoral countries.

♤ In 2005- During Premier Hu Jintao’s visit to India, the two sides signed the strategic partnership agreement

1.1.1. Evolution

♤ 30 December 1949: India became the second non-communist nation to recognize the

Peoples’ Republic of China after its proclamation on 1 October.

♤ 7 October 1950: The Peoples Liberation Army, Chinese troops, crossed the Sino-Tibetan boundary, and moved towards Lhasa, Tibet. This was for the first time since 1793 when a Chinese Tibetan army had marched till Kathmandu to punish Nepal’ rulers, India faced large Chinese army on its northern borders. The British policy had aimed at making Tibet a buffer to avoid such a scenario.

♤ May 1951: China forced the Tibetan Governor of Chamdo to concede full suzerainty over Tibet.