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The spatial variations in the distribution, density, composition, sex-ratio, literacy rate, migration, and growth of population have a direct bearing on the utilisation of resources and the levels of development of a region/country. It is, therefore, an important concern of geographers. The distribution, density, composition, growth, and migration of population is directly or indirectly controlled by the physical, socio-cultural, economic, and political factors.
India has only about 2.4 per cent of the total area of the w orld but supports over 17.64 per cent of the total population of the world. Indian population has its own peculiar characteristics which have been precisely presented here.