3. The Bhangar (Hangar) Plains

The Bhangar or older alluvial plain, represent the upland alluvial tracts of the Great Plains of India, formed by the older alluviums. The Bhangar formations were deposited during the middle Pleistocene Period. The Bhangar land lies above the flood limits of the rivers. The soil is dark in colour, rich in humus content and productive. It contains concretions and nodules of impure calcium carbonate or ‘Kankar. In relatively drier areas, the Bhangar also exhibits small tracts of saline and alkaline efflorescences known as ‘Relt, ‘Kallar’ or ‘Thur’. Bhangar is generally a well drained and the most productive land of the Great Plains of India. The Bhangar deposits have the fossils of elephants, horses, man, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, etc.