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♤ These are unattached organisms which live at the airwater interface such as floating plants, etc.
♤ Some organisms spend most of their lives on top of the air-water interface such as water striders, while others spend most of their time just beneath the air-water interface and obtain most of their food within the water.
♤ E.g., beetles and back-swimmers.
ii) Periphyton:
♤ These are organisms which remain attached to stems and leaves of rooted plants or substances emerging above the bottom mud such as sessile algae and their associated group of animals.