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1. Dense over head canopy and inadequate light
2. Dense week growth
3. Un-decomposed leaf litter on surface
4. Frost
5. Drip
6. Drought
7. Grazing
Do you know?
Elephants have remarkable memories. In the wild, they appear to remember for years the relationships with dozens, perhaps hundreds of other elephants, some of whom they may see only occasionally. They also have an impressive memory for places to drink and to find food. This information gets passed on from generation to generation.
Males elephants do not maintain long-term social bonds, remaining in the unit only into their teens. They then live out their lives in loose bachelor groups or wandering on their own.