Causes

♤ Human population growth

♤ Land use transformation

♤ Species habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation

♤ Increasing livestock populations and competitive exclusion of wild herbivores

♤ Growing interest in ecotourism and increasing access to nature reserves

♤ Abundance and distribution of wild prey

♤ Increasing wildlife population as a result of conservation programmes

♤ Climatic factors

♤ Stochastic events (e.g. fire)