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12.8.9. Siberian Crane


It is a large, strikingly majestic migratory bird that breeds and winters in wetlands. They are known to winter at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan. However the last documented sighting of the bird was in 2002.

Habitat: Wetland areas.


Located distribution: Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan.


Threats: Pesticide pollution, wetland drainage, development of prime habitat into agricultural fields, and to some extent, hunting.

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The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 while seeking to protect the rights of plant breeders, as mandated under TRIPS, has in an innovative fashion, managed to provide ‘rights’ to the Indian farmer.

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1. Roots store more starch than the trunk.


2. Roots do not have a central pith (soft central tissue) while the trunk does.


3. The majority of tree roots are non-woody. These nonwoody roots only live for a few weeks.


4. The root hairs grow within days, when water, temperature, and nutrients are available to promote growth.

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Pugmark Census Technique’. In this method the imprints of the pugmark (foot print) of the tiger were recorded and used as a basis for identification of individuals. Now it is largely used as one of the indices of tiger occurrence and relative abundance.