S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

1.

Andaman Wild Pig

Least

Concern

Andaman

Temperate to

Tropical Habitat

Habitat destruction and hunting pressure.

2.

Bharal

Least Concern

Bhutan, China, Northern India, Northern Myanmar, Nepal, North Pakistan.

Blue Sheep - North Himalaya & Trans Himalaya

- along the border of Arunachal Pradesh.

Ladak, Himachal Pradesh, U.P., Sikkim and Eastern

Arunachal Pradesh

& recently conformed in Western Arunachal Pradesh

Open grass slopes in high mountain from 2500 - 5500 m avoid entering forest area

Competition with livestock, habitat destruction due to livestock.

3.

Binturong

Vulnerable

India - Sikkim, Bangladesh, Bhutan Myanmar, China

Arboreal animal, feed on fruits, insects, birds.

Habitat loss and degradation.

4.

Brown antlered Deer

Endangered

South & South East Asia, Manipur (Southern end of loktak lake) region of N.E. India through Myanmar.

Open, Grass dominated habitat.

Hunting, Medicinal Product, Habitat loss.

“Hydroelectric Power Project

- loktak lake

5.

Brown Beer

Critically Endangered

India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarkhant), Nepal, Pakistan, China

Temperate rain forest. (Northern India, Western China)

Man - animal conflict

6.

Capped Langur

Vulnerable

Bangladesh, Bhutan (N.E. India - A.P., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura)

Brahmaputra (Karbi Anglong, Khasi, Garo, Naga & Jaintia hills) & Myanmar

Diurnal, arboreal, broadleaf, deciduous

& bamboo forest

Habitat destruction, jhum cultivation, monoculture, timber and firewood harvest. Traded for meat purpose.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

7.

Caracal desert lynx

Least

Concern

Africa, Central Asia, South West Asia into India

Semi - desert to open tropical grassland

Habitat, destruction, hunting

8.

Cheetah

Vulnerable

1. Extint - Central -

Open Grassy habitat, dry

India & Pakistan

2. Asiastic Cheetah (critically endangered)

- Iran - only

forest, savanna woodland, semi - desert -absent in tropical rain forest

Habitat loss, fragmentation, loss of prey - due to human hunting activities. livestock damage - hunting by man.

9.

Chinese Pangolin

Endangered

Occur in Himalayan foot hills in Eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Northern India, North East Bangladesh (India - Sikkim)

Primary & Secondary tropical forest, lime stone forest, bamboo forest, grassland & agricultural field. Nocturnal animal

Habitat loss, hunting for local use trade skin, scales & meat

10.

Indian Gazelle (Chinkara)

Least Concern

Western & Central India through Pakistan, South- West Afghan. (Thar desert remains strong hold)

Inhabits arid area, Sand deserts, Flat plains & hills, dry scrub & light forest.

Habitat loss through overgrazing, conversion to agriculture & industrial development

11.

Clouded Leopard

Vulnerable

Himalayan foot hill in Nepal through mainland South East Asia - China

Arboreal, forest habitat (Primary every green tropical rainforest, also in dry deciduous forest Himalaya - 2500 m.

Habitat destruction. Hunted for skin, bones for medicine, captive animal

12.

Crab eating Macaque

Least Concern

Occurs on Nicobar Island of India, (Little Nicobar & Great Nicobar) where it found up to 600 m.

Grassland,

Mangrove, swamp forest and can be found in agricultural area near forest.

Hunting, Habitat loss.

13.

Sand Cat

Near threatened

Only found in true desert. Northern Africa, Southwest & Central Asia

Specialist of sand desert, localized around spare regetation which can support small rodent prey.

Habitat degradation major threat - by human settlement and livestock grazing

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

14.

Dugong Dugong

(Sea Cow)

Vulnerable

Coastal Island water belt East

Africa & Vanuate belt latitude 27° N - South of Eq (India -Andaman & Nicobar, Laccadives)

Coastal water, wide shallow mangroove

& sizeable sea grass bed.

Habitat

& degradation loss

Indigenous use

& hunting, pollution

15.

Ermine

Least Concern

Throughout North America, Europe, Asia, Greenland, Canada, Siberia, India.

Forest edge habitat, scrub, alpine meadow, marshes, riparian woodland, hedgerows.

No major threat Habitat destruction due to timber loss.

16.

Fishing Cat

Endangered

Asia - Pakistan - Indus Valley India - Nagpur, Himalayan foothill

Wetland (Swamp and marshy), Oxbow lake,

Wetland destruction 45% of wetland

& Eastern India. (Keoladeo National Park)

reed beds, mangroves.

Evergreen & tropical dry forest.

94% of globally significant wetland - threatened.

eg: Human settlement, agricultural pollution, hunting & Wood cutting.

17.

Four horned antelope

Vulnerable

2008 - Widely distributed but in scattered population over most of India - From Himalaya foothills to Peninsular India.

(Nepal. India)

Found in well-wooded undulating (or) hilly area and never far from water, they are solitary

& browse & graze.

Habitat destruction through the clearance of scrub & forest for agriculture.

18.

Ganges river Dolphin

Endangered

Indus Ganges -Brahmaputra Megna, Karnaphuli - Sangu river system of south. Asian subcontinent, from upstream to where they blocked by barrier.

Cone in counter -current pools below channel convergence meanders. Can’t tolerate salinity

> 10 ppt.

1. Water development project

2.

Fragmenting of pop, dams, barrages.

3. Pollutant loads.

4. Deliberate killing

5. Mortality in fishing gear

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

19.

India Gaur

Vulnerable

Gaur historically occured throughout main land south. South east asia, Srilanka.

From sea level upto least 2800m. (hill & low lying area.)

1. undisturbed forest tact,

2. hilly terrain

3. availability of water.

4. availability of

Hunting, Habitat degradation, forest fragmentation with human population.

Forest)

27.

Hoolock Gibbon

1)

Western

2)

Eastern

Endangered Vulnerable

Northeast India, Bangladesh (A.P., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland) Upto South of Brahamaputra & East of Dibang

Southern China & Chindwin river

Myanmar. Boundary between (2) Hoolock gibbon uncertain in chindwin head water.

India not found (Expect Eastern A.P.)

Forest dweller, locale, inhabit tropical evergreen (Tree to tree more)

Hill forest, Mountainous, piro dominated forest

Habitat loss, fragmentation, human interferences hunting,

Habitat loss, fragmentation, human interferences hunting,

28.

Leopard

Near threatened

Southwest Asia, Himalayan foothills, India, China, Jawa, Srilanka “Leopards occur widely in forest of India - sub continent.

Rainforest to desert. India - all forest type- tropical rainforest to temp deciduous and alpine coniferous.

Habitat loss, (deforestation) peaching for illegal trade.

Human attack on people.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

29.

Leopard Cat

Least Concern

Widespread up in Asia. Most of India west into pak. Afgh, through Himalayan foothill - across China, Russia.

Upto 3000m, extent into river valley - Tropical to temp broad leaf, coniferous, grassland, cold steppe to desert Pakistan

Commercial exploitation for skin.

Leopard Cat X Domestic

Cat - hybridisation is also not threat.

30.

Red Panda

Endangered

Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Southern China. (Meghalayan Plateau - North east India).

Temparate Forest - having bamboo - thickest under stories

Habitat loss, Fragmentation Poaching, inbreeding depression.

31.

Loin tailed Macaque

Endangered

Endemic “Western Ghat hills range in South Western India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

Upper canopy of primary tropical evergreen rainforest - Monsoon forest in hilly country

Habitat fragmentation (Exotic plant - tea, Eucalyptus, Coffee)

32.

Indo-

Vulnerable

Malabar West of India

Susceptible to

pacific

Finlers porpoise

Coastal water, Shallow bay, Mangrove, Swamps and Estuaries.

entanglement in gillnets.

Pollution boat traffic.

33.

Red Slenderlori

Gray Slenderlori

Endangered

Least Concern

Srilanka Southern eastern

India (Andhra Pradesh, Kar, Kerala, TN) Srilanka

Primarily insectivorous Near human habitation

Habitat loss due to road kills, electrification, Medicine uses.

34.

Asian Caracal (Lynx)

Least Concern

Africa, Centralasia, Southwest Asia into India

Semi desert, open savanna to moist wood land, evergreen forest.

Habitat destruction, Hunting due to its attack on livestock

35.

Malabar Civet

Critically Endangered

Endemic western ghat, Coastal district of Western Ghats.

Kanyakumari to Wayanad, Coorg -Karnataka

Lowland forest, lowland swamp and riparian forest in coastal plain district

Habitat loss

& degradation. Poaching for civet oil

36.

Sun Bear

Vulnerable

Southeast Asia, North eastern India, Southern China, Bangladesh

Tropical forest habitat, Mangroves, Swamp

Habitation, Commercial Hunting.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

37.

Marbled Cat

Vulnerable

Tropical Indo-Malaya westward along Himalayan foot hills - Nepal & China, Sumatra Borneo.

Moist - Mixed decidous evergreen tropical forest

Deforestation - due to oil palm, logging, agriculture.

38.

Markhor

Near threatened

Northeast Afghan, Northern India (J & K), Pakistan, Uspekistan. “Pirpanjal range”, Banihal pass on Jammu - Srinagar highway.

Mountain terrain 600 m

- 3600 m - feeds on grasses & leaves.

Hunting and Habitat Alteration. (Armed conflict).

39.

Mouse Deer

Least Concern

India - from T.N. & Kerala infar south - north upto Rajasthan

Tropical deciduous, Moist evergreen & Semi ever-green forest of Peninsular hill

Hunting (for Meat purpose) - W.G. & E.G.

40.

Himalayan Musk Deer

Endangered

Himalayan of Bhutan, North India (Sikkim), Nepal & China

Alpine environment, barren plateaus at high altitude meadows, fell fields, shurblands forest

1. Hunting for Meat.

2. Trade - Musk gland - Cosmetic / Pharmaceutical

41.

Nilgiri Langur

Vulnerable

Western Ghats in South Western India (Karnataka, Kerala, TN)

Evergreen, Semi- evergreen Moist deciduous & riparian forest in lower altitude

Hunted for skin, Medicine, Habitat loss, Mining, dam, road fills.

42

Nilgiri Tahr

Endangered

5% of West Ghats in South India (Kerala &

Tamil Nadu)

High elevation, grass covered hills, open terrain

Habitat loss & poaching.

43.

Indian Pangolin

Near threatened

South asia, Eastern part of pak to India (Except North East India). Himalayan to extreme South.

India (TN, Kerala)

Tropical forest, open land, grasslands, etc.

High in human settlement area.

Meat & Medicine. (for boots & shoes)

44.

Pygmy Hog

Critically Endangered

Northwest Bengal & North - Western Assam in India.

Himalayan foot hill from Up to Assam

Smallest & Rarest wild pig in world. Grassland - with shrub & tree

Habitat loss, affecting natural succession.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

45.

Greater onehorn

Rhino

Vulnerable

Northern part - India along Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra basin includes Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan

Riverine grassland - Terai. Alluvial grass land -swamps & forest

Habitat loss, Poaching for horn

- Medicinal use in China.

46.

Rusty spotted Cat

Vulnerable

India & Srilanka (confined to south)

Moist & dry deciduous forest types, scrub

& grassland - absent in evergreen forest.

Habitat loss due to agriculture

47.

Himalayan Serow

Near threatened

Southeast Bangladesh, Himalaya (Bhutan, Northern India -Sikkim & Nepal), North east India & into west myanmar

Steep hills & rocky places - limestone region upto 3000 m & hill & mountain foreat area.

Meat & tropics, habitat destruction, for agriculture, fuelwood.

48.

Asia - small clawled offer

Vulnerable

India - Himalayan foothills of

H.P. (Kulu), WB, Assam, A.P. & S.I. - Coorg (Karnataka), Ashambu, Nilgiri, Palani Hill (TN), Kerala

Wetland system - having pools & stagnant water. Fresh water swamp, meandering river, mangroves & tidal tools.

Habitat destruction. Tea & Coffee cultivation

49.

Sloth Bear

Vulnerable

India, Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka

(From Gujarat - to NES) Western Ghats

Wet & dry tropical forest, grasslands. Lowland species

-1500 m W.G. - upto 2000

m

Habitat loss, poaching (harvesting of forest produce, Monoculture)

(Medicine) - fat of bear

50.

Bengal slow lori

Vulnerable

Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, North - Eastern India (A.P., Assam etc).

Arboreal, nocturnal species

- tropical evergreen forest, semi & moist deciduous forest.

Habitat loss - Farming, road building, dam, power line.

Hunting - Medicine.

51.

Travancore

Flying squirrel

Near Threatened

Restricted to W.G. of Southern India and Srilanka. kerala & T.N. (from Brahmagiri Wildlife Santuary, Karnataka).

Arboreal & Nocturnal Evergreen, decidous and montane forest

Habitat loss due to agriculture

& human settlement.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

52.

Snubfin Dolphin

Vulnerable

Southeast Asia, India - Chilika lake.

Coastal area with muddy, brackish water at river mouth.

Habitat loss and degradation.

53.

Snow leopard

Endangered

High mountain of C.A, Pamir, Karakorum, Hindu Kush and Himalayan Range.

India - “J.K., H.P., Sikkim, Uttarkhand).

Alphine & Sub alphine ecological zone favouring steep terrain.

Reduce in prey, illegal trade, people conflict, lack of conservation capacity policy

& awarness.

54.

Swamp Deer

Vulnerable

Northern & Central India, Southwestern Nepal (Assam - Sunderbans (Indo - Gangetic)

Open sal, with grass understorey and grassland forms, true swamp deer, Mangroves of Sunderban.

Habitat loss - due to conversion into agriculture land.

55.

Chiru

Endangered

China, India (J & K)

High altitude plain, hill plateau & Montane valley

Hunted for fur (Shahtosh)

Quality - making “shawls”

56.

Tibetan Fox

Least

Concern

Tibetan Plateau, Ladak area of India, China, Nepal

Upland plains, hills - mostly spare grassland devoid of trees & shrub

No Major threat

57.

Tibetan Gazelle

Near threatened

Qinghai - Tibet Plateau, India (ladak, Sikkim).

High altitude plains, hills also grasses in wetland margin.

Habitat loss.

58.

Kiang (Wild Ass)

Least Concern

Tibetan Plateau, China, Northern Pak, India, Nepal) Ladak

& Sikkim

Open terrain, plains, alphine meadows - where grasses & sedges abundant.

Hunting, disease transmission from domestic livestock.

59.

Tiger

Endangered

Southwest Asia, Central Asia, (Java & Bali) - disappeared.

Asian Countries -Bang, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand & Vietnam

Forest of tropical Asia

Poaching, Man animal conflict, (bore antiinflammatory property)

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

60

Urial

Vulnerable

India - Only (laddak), Central and South West Asia.

Moderate to arid habitat grassland.

Poaching, Competition with livestock.

61.

Indian Buffalo

Endangered

S. Nepal, Southern Bhutan, Western Thailand, Northern Myanmar, India (Bastar region - M.P., Assam, AP, Meghalaya, Orissa, Maharastra)

Low - lying Alluvial grassland, deciduous forest

- with marshes & rivers.

Interbreeding with feral & domestic buffalo, hunting & habitat loss.

62.

(a)

Terrapin

Critically

Endangered

Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia.

Terrestrial nest sites, tidal area of largest river estuaries

Trade

62.

(b)

Tricarinate Hill Turtle

Vulnerable

Bangladesh, India

Fully terrestrial

-

63.

Gharial

Critically endangered

India - Chambal River, Girwa river. Pop - Son River

Bihar, U.P.

Terrestrial, Fresh Water

Alternation of habitat, Fishing, Agriculture, grazing, utilization

64.

India Softshell Turtle

Vulnerable

Bangladesh, India (Ganges River), Pakistan

Terrestrial, Fresh

Water

Trade in East Asian Market

65.

Green Turtle

Endangered

Throughout tropical water, lesser - subtropical. Indian ocean - east, west, mediterranean Sea, Pacific ocean

Highly migratory, broad habitat during their lifetime.

Harvest of egg & Adult from nesting beaches, retting, trawling.

66.

Hawsbill Turtle

Critically endangered

Throughout tropical water, larger extent subtropical, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Ocean

Highly migratory, broad habitat -during life time.

Tortoises shell trade

Egg collection, meat,

Destruction of Nesting habitat, Foraging habitat,

oil pollution, hybridisation

67.

Leather Back Turtle

Vulnerable

Leather back are distributed, with nesting site on tropical sandy beaches & foraging range that extent into temp / sup polar.

Turtle inhabiting tropical, subtropical & sub polar extensive migration, different feeding area at different season.

Habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, Fisheries by Catch.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

68.

Olive Ridly

Vulnerable

Throughout tropical water (Except Mexico).

Multiple habitat, Migration less compared to other - usually carred by major currents

Targeted Exploitation, capturing, by catch in fisheries, Habitat impact, disease & predation

69.

Bengal Florican

Critically endangered

Two population

1. Indian Sub Continent - (U.P., Nepal, Assam, A.P.)

2. South - East Asia - Cambodia, Vietnam.

lowland dry, natural & seminatural grassland, open forest.

Modification of grassland, overgrazing, inappropriate cutting, burning & ploughing regimes, flooding, dam construction, illegal development.

70.

Black Necked-

Crane

Vulnerable

China, Ladakh (A.P.) - India, Bhutan

Alpine bog meadows & riverine marshes, lacustrine marshes.

Intensive grazing & pesticide use - result in degradation of grassland.

71.

Cheer Pheasant

Vulnerable

India - Kashmir, H.P., Uttarkhand, Pakistan, Nepal

Rocky terrain dominated by scrub, tall grass & scattered clumb tree (1445

-3050m)

Hunted, egg consumption, construction project (dam, electricity).

72.

Forest Owlet

Critically endangered

Endemic - Central India, (North - Western Maharashtra, South-east M.P.

Till 1997 only

specimen, 2000 rediscovered.

Open dry deciduous forest dominated by Teak, ground with grasses -typical owlet site.

Forest destruction, human settlement & grazing.

73.

Barking

Least

Thai - Malay

1. In forest

Habitat encroachment & Hunting for

Deer (or) Muntjac

Concern

Peninsula, Greater Sundas (Borneo, Java, Bali, Sumatra)

& areas adjacent to forest

2. In plantations of coffee rubber, sugarcane, teak

freshmeat.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

74.

Chital

Least Concern

8 - 30° N in India (Including SIKKIM), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Srilanka

WB - Eastern Rajasthan

NB - Foothills & Himalayas EB - Western Assam

SB - Throughout Peninsular India

1. Avoids - Dense Moist forest

Open semi arid & arid desert

2. Moist, dry deciduous

day thorny scrub (or) grasslands - Habitat

Hunting

& Competition with domestic livestock

No Major threat

75.

Goral (or) Wodgsoni

Near threatened

Bhutan, China (Southern Tibet) Northern India (Incl SIKKIM) Northern Pakistan Possibly Western Myanmar

1. Steep Mountains & will use

evergreen forest near cliff

2. feed in grassy rights & steep rocky slopes

Habitat destruction Hunting competition of livestock

76.

Hogdeer

Endangered

Pakistan, North & North Eastern India east across non-sundalic region Marginally - Southern

China

1. Wet (or) Moist tall grassland

2. Floodplain grassland

Hunting habitat cons degradation

77.

Hyena

Near threatened

Africa, Arab peninsula Turkey. Indian Sub-continent recently to Nepal

1. Open habitat (or) light thorn

2. Avoids

& open Desert

Persecution (poisoning)

decrease in source

78.

Nilgai

Least concern

Widely distributed in India. lowland of Nepal & border areas of Pakistan extinct in Bangladesh

1. Arid areas, scrub, dry deciduous,

1.

Constructed as

agricultural areas

2. Avoid - Dense Forest, deserts

3. Browsers & grazers

agricultural pest

2. Permit hunting if damage occurs.

S.

No.

Common Name

Category

Range Description

Habitat & Ecology

Major threat

79.

Sambar

Vulnerable

India, East along Southern Himalayas India, Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka

1. India - Thorn, arid forests of Gujarat

& Rajasthan

2. Moist decidiuous forest throughout Peninsular

3. Pine & Oak trees at himalayan forest

1. Habitat encroachment

2. Hunting

80.

Wild Pig

Least Concern

Occur in modified form in all continents except in Antarctica & on many oceanic Islands

1. Temperate & tropical habitats

2. Semi desert to tropical rainforest

1. Global lenes & No major threats

2. local lenes & Hunting & habitat destruction.

81.

India’s Procupine

Least Concern

Turkey to Pakistan, India, China, Nepal & Srilanka

1. Rocky hill side

2. Tropical & temperate scrub land

Considered as Agricultural Pest

- locals trap & use them for food.